arXiv 2005.138562020-05-28nucl-exnucl-th

在NICA上对致密核物质的研究

Studies of dense nuclear matter at NICA

Peter Senger

备注：: 23 pages, 21 figures, Physics introduction to the Technical Design Report on the Inner Tracking System of the MPD experiment at NICA

摘要：

高能重离子碰撞的实验室实验提供了探索核物质基本性质的机会，例如高密度状态方程，它控制着宇宙物体和中子星、超新星爆炸和中子星合并等现象的结构和动力学。实验的一个特定目标和挑战是揭示高密度下强相互作用物质的微观自由度，包括寻找相变，这可能具有相共存区域和关键终点。由于强相互作用理论不能对重子化学势物质的结构和性质作出可靠的预言，因此该领域的科学进展主要依靠实验结果。FAIR和NICA未来实验的任务将补充GSI，CERN和RHIC正在运行的实验计划，是探索新的诊断探针，这些探针以前从未在碰撞能量下测量过，在那里将产生最高的净重子密度。最有希望的观测量，预计将揭示高密度QCD物质的性质，包括已识别粒子的集体流，包括多奇异（反）超子，波动和关联，轻子对和粲粒子。在下文中，将讨论NICA能量范围内的实验前景。

英文摘要：

Laboratory experiments with high-energetic heavy-ion collisions offer the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of nuclear matter, such as the high-density equation-of-state, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic objects and phenomena like neutron stars, supernova explosions, and neutron star mergers. A particular goal and challenge of the experiments is to unravel the microscopic degrees-of-freedom of strongly interaction matter at high density, including the search for phase transitions, which may feature a region of phase coexistence and a critical endpoint. As the theory of strong interaction is not able to make firm predictions for the structure and the properties of matter high baryon chemical potentials, the scientific progress in this field is driven by experimental results. The mission of future experiments at FAIR and NICA, which will complement the running experimental programs at GSI, CERN, and RHIC, is to explore new diagnostic probes, which never have been measured before at collision energies, where the highest net-baryon densities will be created. The most promising observables, which are expected to shed light on the nature of high-density QCD matter, comprise the collective flow of identified particles including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, fluctuations and correlations, lepton pairs, and charmed particles. In the following, the perspectives for experiments in the NICA energy range will be discussed.

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