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arXiv 2005.13700astro-ph.EPphysics.space-ph
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彗星67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko的尘埃-气体比、尺寸分布和尘埃回落部分:从连接内部彗星的光学和动力学特性的推论

The dust-to-gas ratio, size distribution, and dust fall-back fraction of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Inferences from linking the optical and dynamical properties of the inner comae

Raphael Marschall, Johannes Markkanen, Selina-Barbara Gerig, Olga Pinzón-Rodríguez, Nicolas Thomas, Jong-Shinn Wu

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们提出的结果,同时限制尘埃的尺寸分布,尘埃与气体的比例,尘埃再沉积的分数,和彗星67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko的总的大规模生产率。我们使用三维直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)气体动力学代码来模拟罗塞塔任务期间彗星的内部气体彗发。气体模型受ROSINA/COPS数据约束。此外,我们还利用三维尘埃动力学程序模拟了不同时期的内部尘埃彗发,包括气体阻力和原子核引力。使用先进的尘埃散射特性,这些结果被用来产生合成图像,可以比较的OSIRIS数据集。这些模拟使我们能够限制尘埃彗发的性质和总的气体和尘埃生产率。我们测定了2015年出现期间$(6.1 \pm 1.5) \cdot 10^9$ ~kg的总挥发性质量损失。此外,我们发现,幂律与$q=3.7^{+0.57}_{-0.078}$是一致的数据。这导致总共$5.1^{+6.0}_{-4.9}\cdot10^9$ ~kg的尘埃从原子核表面喷出,其中$4.4^{+4.9}_{-4.2}\cdot10^9$ ~kg逃逸到太空,$6.8^{+11}_{-6.8}\cdot10^8$ ~kg(或在光滑区域上相当于$14^{+22}_{-14}$ ~cm)重新沉积在表面上。这导致逸出材料的粉尘与气体的比率为$0.73^{+1.3}_{-0.70}$,喷射材料的粉尘与气体的比率为$0.84^{+1.6}_{-0.81}$。我们进一步发现,尘埃的最小尺寸必须严格小于$\sim30μ$ m,名义上甚至小于$\sim12μ$ m。

英文摘要:

In this work, we present results that simultaneously constrain the dust size distribution, dust-to-gas ratio, fraction of dust re-deposition, and total mass production rates for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. We use a 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) gas dynamics code to simulate the inner gas coma of the comet for the duration of the Rosetta mission. The gas model is constrained by ROSINA/COPS data. Further, we simulate for different epochs the inner dust coma using a 3D dust dynamics code including gas drag and the nucleus' gravity. Using advanced dust scattering properties these results are used to produce synthetic images that can be compared to the OSIRIS data set. These simulations allow us to constrain the properties of the dust coma and the total gas and dust production rates. We determined a total volatile mass loss of $(6.1 \pm 1.5) \cdot 10^9$~kg during the 2015 apparition. Further, we found that power-laws with $q=3.7^{+0.57}_{-0.078}$ are consistent with the data. This results in a total of $5.1^{+6.0}_{-4.9}\cdot10^9$~kg of dust being ejected from the nucleus surface, of which $4.4^{+4.9}_{-4.2}\cdot10^9$~kg escape to space and $6.8^{+11}_{-6.8}\cdot10^8$~kg (or an equivalent of $14^{+22}_{-14}$~cm over the smooth regions) is re-deposited on the surface. This leads to a dust-to-gas ratio of $0.73^{+1.3}_{-0.70}$ for the escaping material and $0.84^{+1.6}_{-0.81}$ for the ejected material. We have further found that the smallest dust size must be strictly smaller than $\sim30μ$m and nominally even smaller than $\sim12μ$m.

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