Braess悖论与微流控网络中的可编程行为
Braess's paradox and programmable behaviour in microfluidic networks
摘要：
微流体系统现在正在精确设计，以执行越来越复杂的任务。然而，由于微尺度流动的典型线性性质，它们的操作通常需要许多外部控制装置，这阻碍了集成控制机制的发展。我们通过设计微流体网络来解决这个困难，该微流体网络在施加的压力和流速之间呈现出非线性关系，可以利用该非线性关系来仅通过操纵输入和/或输出压力来切换内部流动的方向。我们发现，这些网络表现出实验支持的流体模拟Braess的悖论，其中关闭一个中间通道的结果在一个较高的，而不是较低的，总流量。利用的行为是可扩展的，并且可以用于实现具有多个交换机的流路由。这些发现有可能推动微流体网络中内置控制机制的发展，从而促进有朝一日可能像微电子电路一样可控的便携式系统的创建。
英文摘要：
Microfluidic systems are now being designed with precision to execute increasingly complex tasks. However, their operation often requires numerous external control devices due to the typically linear nature of microscale flows, which has hampered the development of integrated control mechanisms. We address this difficulty by designing microfluidic networks that exhibit a nonlinear relation between applied pressure and flow rate, which can be harnessed to switch the direction of internal flows solely by manipulating input and/or output pressures. We show that these networks exhibit an experimentally-supported fluid analog of Braess's paradox, in which closing an intermediate channel results in a higher, rather than lower, total flow rate. The harnessed behavior is scalable and can be used to implement flow routing with multiple switches. These findings have the potential to advance development of built-in control mechanisms in microfluidic networks, thereby facilitating the creation of portable systems that may one day be as controllable as microelectronic circuits.
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