The constituent counting ruling (CCR) has been found to hold for numerous hard, exclusive processes. It predicts the differential cross section at high energies and fixed $\cos θ_{c.m.}$ should follow $\frac{d σ}{dt} \sim \frac{1}{s^{n-2}}$, where $n$ is the minimal number of constituents involved in the reaction. Here we provide an in-depth analysis of the reaction $γp \rightarrow ωp$ at $θ_{c.m.}\sim 90^\circ$ using CLAS data with an energy range of $s = 5 - 8$ GeV$^2$, where the CCR has been shown to work in other reactions. We argue for a stringent method to select data to test the CCR and utilize a Taylor-series expansion to take advantage of data from nearby angle bins in our analysis. Naïvely, this reaction would have $n=9$ (or $n=10$ if the photon is in a $q\bar{q}$ state) and we would expect a scaling of $\sim s^{-7}$ ($s^{-8}$). Instead, a scaling of $s^{-(9.08 \pm 0.11)}$ was observed. Explanations for this apparent failure of the naïve CCR assumptions are examined.
We analyze the double polarization asymmetry of the omega-meson photoproduction in the vector-meson-dominance model of diffractive production and the one-pion exchange model. We find that the longitudinal beam-target asymmetry is very sensitive to the real part of the diffractive photoproduction amplitude and to the sign of the omega-pi-gamma coupling because of the different spin structures of the amplitudes associated with the different mechanisms.
We investigate inclusive omega photoproduction off complex nuclei, concentrating on the feasibility to examine a possible in-medium change of the omega meson properties by observing the pi^0 gamma invariant mass spectrum. The simulations are performed by means of a BUU transport model including a full coupled-channel treatment of the final state interactions. In-medium changes of the omega spectral density are found to yield a moderate modification of the observables as compared to the situation in free space. Also the effects of a momentum dependence of the strong omega potential are discusse…
One-loop corrections due to the intermediate $πN$ and $ρN$ states are studied in $ω$ photoproduction near threshold. Our results show that the coupled-channel effects should be taken into account in extracting reliable nucleon resonance parameters from the forthcoming vector meson photoproduction data in the resonance region.
The role of the nucleon resonances ($N^*$) in $ω$ photoproduction is investigated by using the resonance parameters predicted by Capstick and Roberts. The contributions from the nucleon resonances are found to be significant in various spin asymmetries. In particular, we found that a crucial test of our predictions can be made by measuring the parity asymmetry and beam-target double asymmetry at forward scattering angles.
One-loop corrections to $ω$ photoproduction near threshold have been investigated by using the approximation that all relevant transition amplitudes are calculated from the tree diagrams of effective Lagrangians. With the parameters constrained by the data of $γN \to πN$, $γN \to ρN$, and $πN \to ωN$ reactions, it is found that the one-loop effects due to the intermediate $πN$ and $ρN$ states can significantly change the differential cross sections and spin observables. The results from this exploratory investigation suggest strongly that the coupled-channel effects should be taken into accoun…
In the present work, we investigate subsequential production of three kaons and $Ω^-$ baryon based on an effective Lagrangian approach. We only consider the intermediate states with the light mass baryon to suggest the minimum of the total cross section. Coupling constants for verteces of meson-octet baryons are fixed from the empirical data and/or quark models together with SU(3) symmetry considerations and these for meson-decouplet are predicted not only quark model but also Chiral-quark soliton model calculation. Gauge invariance of the resulting amplitude is maintained by introducing the c…
In this contribution I discuss prospects for photoproducing hybrid mesons at CEBAF, based on recent model results and experimental indications of possible hybrids. One excellent opportunity appears to be a search for the I=1, JPC=2+-, neutral "(b2)o" hybrid in (a2 pi)o through diffractive photoproduction. Other notable possibilities accessible through pi+ or pio exchange photoproduction are I=1, JPC=1-+, charged "pi1+" in f1 pi+, (b1 pi)+ and (rho pi)+; piJ(1770)+ in f2 pi+ and (b1 pi)+; pi(1800)+ in f0 pi+, f2 pi+, omega rho+ and (rho pi)+; a1 in f1 pi+ and f2 pi+; and omega in (rho pi)o, ome…
We investigate OZI rule violation in omega and phi-meson photoproduction off nucleons. Data on the total cross sections indicate a large phi/omega ratio of about 0.8 at the maximal available photon energy that is in good agreement with expectations from QCD. On the other hand, data at large four momentum transfer exhibit a ratio of about 0.07, showing that the perturbative QCD regime is not approached at |t| > 2 GeV^2 and photon energies E_γ< 4 GeV. The anomanously large phi/omega ratio at low energies, that is close to the reaction threshold, remains to be explained within nonperturbative QCD…
We study polarization variables in the photoproduction of omega-mesons with subsequent omega to gamma pi^0 decay. Single and double polarization observables are calculated as a function of different final-state angles. Reaction models include pomeron (natural parity) and pi^0 (unnatural parity) exchange in the t-channel. In addition, the contribution of s-channel resonances is considered. The sensitivity of the polarization observables to the reaction dynamics is discussed.
The role of the nucleon resonances ($N^*$) in $ω$ photoproduction is investigated by using the resonance parameters predicted by Capstick and Roberts [Phys. Rev. D {\bf 46}, 2864 (1992); {\bf 49}, 4570 (1994)]. In contrast with the previous investigations based on the ${SU}(6) \times {O}(3)$ limit of the constituent quark model, the employed $N^* \to γN$ and $N^* \to ωN$ amplitudes include the configuration mixing effects due to the residual quark-quark interactions. The contributions from the nucleon resonances are found to be significant relative to the non-resonant amplitudes in changing th…
We study the role of the nucleon resonances ($N^*$) in $ω$ photoproduction by using the quark model resonance parameters predicted by Capstick and Roberts. The employed $γN \to N^*$ and $N^* \to ωN$ amplitudes include the configuration mixing effects due to the residual quark-quark interactions. The contributions from the nucleon resonances are found to be important in the differential cross sections at large scattering angles and various spin observables. In particular, the parity asymmetry and beam-target double asymmetry at forward scattering angles are suggested for a crucial test of our p…
We analyze the CLAS data on the photoproduction of hyperon resonances, as well as the available data for the ground state $Λ$ and $Σ^{0}$ of the CLAS and SLAC-E84 collaborations, by considering constituent-counting rule suggested by perturbative QCD. The counting rule emerges as a scaling behavior of cross sections in hard exclusive reactions with large scattering angles, and it enables us to determine the number of elementary constituents inside hadrons. Therefore, it could be used as a new method for identifying internal constituents of exotic-hadron candidates. From the analyses of the $γ\,…
For the omega-hyperon passing through matter the phenomena of spin rotation and oscillation has investigated quantitatively. Connection of these phenomena with constituent quark rescattering has been determined. It allows one to investigate quark rescattering directly without background of a single scattering.
It is shown that the relative sign between the $NNω$ and $πρω$ coupling constants can be determined most sensitively from $ω$ production processes in $NN$ collisions. Recent data on these reactions clearly favor the sign of the $πρω$ coupling constant which is opposite to that inferred from studies of the photoproduction reaction in combination with the vector meson dominance assumption and used by many authors. Implication of this finding in the description of other reactions is discussed.
We study, within phenomenological Lagrangian approach, the possibility that the near-threshold peak found in the phi-photoproduction cross section is caused by a resonance. We show that, by employing a J^P=3/2^- resonance with a mass of 2.08 +/- 0.05 GeV and a width of 0.570 +/- 0.169 GeV, the LEPS data which include new data on nine spin-density matrix elements can indeed be described reasonably well. We also find that the ratio of helicity amplitudes A_1/2/A_3/2 calculated from the resulting coupling constants differs in sign from that of D13(2080). The resonance is further found to be able …
We study whether the nonmonotonic behavior found in the differential cross section of the phi-meson photoproduction near threshold can be described by a resonance. The resonant contribution is evaluated by using an effective Lagrangian approach. We find that, with the assumption of a J^P=3/2^- resonance with mass of 2.10 \pm 0.03 GeV and width of 0.465 \pm 0.141 GeV, LEPS data can indeed be well described. The ratio of the helicity amplitudes A_1/2/A_3/2 calculated from the resulting coupling constants differs in sign from that of the known D13(2080). We further find that the addition of this …
We explore QCD calculations for the process gamma p -> V X where V is a vector meson, in the region s >> -t and -t >> Lambda_QCD^2. We compare our calculations for the J/psi, phi and rho mesons with data from the ZEUS Collaboration at HERA and demonstrate that the BFKL approach is consistent with the data even for light mesons, whereas the two-gluon exchange approach is inadequate. We also predict the differential cross-sections for the Upsilon and omega for which no data are currently available.
Pion-photoproduction data is examined to check for the nucleon-helicity conservation predicted by asymptotic QCD. The differential cross section shows agreement with constituent-counting rules, and polarization data is not in disagreement with conservation of nucleon helicity. However large uncertainties in the polarization measurements do not allow a conclusive statement. The helicity amplitudes from a partial-wave analysis are also examined for helicity conservation. While the amplitudes become small as $s$ increases, the $s$ dependence of the helicity-conserving amplitudes is similar to the…
We investigate the reaction mechanism of $K^0 Λ$ photoproduction off the neutron target, i.e., $γn \to K^0 Λ$, in the range of $W\approx 1.6-2.2$ GeV. We employ an effective Lagrangian method at the tree-level Born approximation combining with a Regge approach. As a background, the $K^*$-Reggeon trajectory is taken into account in the $t$ channel and $Λ$ and $Σ$ hyperons in the $u$-channel Feynman diagram. In addition, the role of various nucleon resonances listed in the Particle Data Group (PDG) is carefully scrutinized in the $s$ channel where the resonance parameters are extracted from the …
In this work we investigate the reaction $γp\toπ^-Δ^{++}$ in the Reggeized model for $π(138)+ρ(775)+a_2(1320)$ exchanges in the $t$-channel. For a convergence of the reaction cross section at high energies the minimal forms of proton and $Δ^{++}$ exchanges are introduced in the direct and crossed channels for gauge invariance of $π$ Regge-pole exchange. The role of spin-2 tensor meson $a_2$ is found to be crucial to agree with existing data at high energies. Electromagnetic multipoles of $Δ^{++}$ baryon are analyzed in the $Δ$ resonance region. Based on the constituents counting rule the scale…
We study whether the nonmonotonic behavior found in the differential cross section of the phi-meson photoproduction near threshold can be described by a resonance. Namely, we add a resonance to a model consisting of Pomeron and (pi,eta) exchange by fiat and see if, with a suitable assignment of spin and parity, mass and width, as well as the coupling constants, one would be able to obtain a good description to all the data reported by the LEPS collaboration in the low-energy region. The resonant contribution is evaluated by using an effective Lagrangian approach. We find that, with the assumpt…
We report on an attempt to describe hard exclusive photoproduction of $J/Ψ$ mesons, i.e. the reaction $γp \to J/Ψp$, by means of a modified version of the hard-scattering approach, in which the proton is treated as a quark-diquark rather than a three-quark system. In order to improve the applicability of the model at momentum transfers of only a few GeV we take into account constituent-mass effects in the calculation of the perturbative scattering amplitude. With a standard $J/Ψ$-meson distribution amplitude and diquark-model parameters adopted from preceding investigations of other photon-ind…
Recent cross section data for the reaction gamma + p \to K^+ + Lambda are examined for evidence of scaling in both the low-t Regge domain and in the high \sqrt{s} and -t domain where constituent counting may apply. It is shown that the reaction does scale in both regimes. At large center of mass angles, s^{-7} scaling appears to hold at essentially all -t, but with angle-dependent oscillations. The scaled data show particularly strong evidence for s-channel resonances for -t below 2 GeV^2 and for W below about 2.3 GeV. The dominant contributions are consistent with an N^* S_{11} resonance at 1…
We investigate the photoproduction of $Λ(1405)\equivΛ^*$ hyperon resonance, i.e., $γp\to K^+Λ^*$, employing the effective Lagrangian approach with the $t$-channel Regge trajectories at tree level. We extensively explore the effects from the nucleon resonances in the vicinity of the threshold $\sqrt{s}_\mathrm{th}\approx1900$ MeV, i.e., $N(2000)$, $N(2030)$, $N(2055)$, $N(2095)$, and $N(2100)$, and observe that they are of great importance to reproduce the recent CLAS/Jlab experimental data. Total and differential cross sections are given as numerical results and compared with the experimental …
We explain a method to find internal quark configurations of exotic hadron candidates by using the constituent counting rule. The counting rule was theoretically predicted in perturbative QCD for hard exclusive hadron reactions, and it has been tested in experiments for stable hadrons including compound systems of hadrons such as the deuteron, $^3$H, and $^3$He. It indicates that the cross section scales as $dσ/dt \sim 1/s^{n-2}$, where $s$ is the center-of-mass energy squared and $n$ is the total number of constituents. We apply this method for finding internal configurations of exotic hadron…
