QCD热化：从头算方法和跨学科联系
QCD thermalization: Ab initio approaches and interdisciplinary connections
摘要：
BNL的相对论重离子对撞机和CERN的大型强子对撞机上的重离子碰撞为夸克-胶子等离子体的形成提供了强有力的证据，从相对论粘性流体动力学模拟中提取的温度远远高于强子物质的转变温度。强关联夸克胶子物质在重离子碰撞中如何形成、其非平衡性质以及等离子体中的热化过程是QCD中的突出问题。本文综述了弱耦合QCD有效场论和基于规范-引力对偶性的强耦合全息方法在这一领域的理论进展。我们概述了不同阶段的热化过程中的跨能量尺度的非平衡动力学在其他系统中的跨学科的连接，从膨胀宇宙学，强场QED，超冷原子气体，强调非热和流体动力学吸引子的普遍动力学。我们调查测量重离子碰撞是敏感的碰撞的早期非平衡阶段，并讨论了未来的测量潜力。我们总结了热化研究的最新进展，并确定了有前途的途径。
英文摘要：
Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations shown to be well above the transition temperature from hadron matter. How the strongly correlated quark-gluon matter forms in a heavy-ion collision, its properties off-equilibrium, and the thermalization process in the plasma, are outstanding problems in QCD. We review here the theoretical progress in this field in weak coupling QCD effective field theories and in strong coupling holographic approaches based on gauge-gravity duality. We outline the interdisciplinary connections of different stages of the thermalization process to non-equilibrium dynamics in other systems across energy scales ranging from inflationary cosmology, to strong field QED, to ultracold atomic gases, with emphasis on the universal dynamics of non-thermal and of hydrodynamic attractors. We survey measurements in heavy-ion collisions that are sensitive to the early non-equilibrium stages of the collision and discuss the potential for future measurements. We summarize the current state-of-the art in thermalization studies and identify promising avenues for further progress.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
