游泳的裸藻对禁闭的反应是行为上的改变，使其能够有效地爬行
Swimming Euglena respond to confinement with a behavioural change enabling effective crawling
摘要：
一些裸藻，一个家庭的水生单细胞生物，可以发展高度协调，大幅度蠕动身体变形。这种非凡的行为几个世纪以来一直为人所知。然而，它的功能仍然存在争议，甚至被视为无功能的祖先遗迹。在这里，通过检查游泳的Euglena gracilis在控制拥挤和几何形状的环境中，我们表明，这种行为是由禁闭引发的。在这些条件下，它允许细胞从不可行的鞭毛游泳切换到一种新的高度稳健的快速爬行模式，这种模式可以处理极端的几何限制，并将摩擦和液压阻力转化为推进力。为了了解单个细胞如何控制这种适应性强和鲁棒性强的运动模式，我们开发了一个由活性条纹细胞包膜组成的眼虫细胞运动器官的计算模型。我们的建模表明，步态适应性不需要特定的机械敏感反馈，而是可以解释的弹性和扩展的电机系统的机械自我调节。因此，我们的研究确定了运动功能和操作原则的适应性蠕动体变形的眼虫细胞。
英文摘要：
Some euglenids, a family of aquatic unicellular organisms, can develop highly concerted, large-amplitude peristaltic body deformations. This remarkable behaviour has been known for centuries. Yet, its function remains controversial, and is even viewed as a functionless ancestral vestige. Here, by examining swimming Euglena gracilis in environments of controlled crowding and geometry, we show that this behaviour is triggered by confinement. Under these conditions, it allows cells to switch from unviable flagellar swimming to a new and highly robust mode of fast crawling, which can deal with extreme geometric confinement and turn both frictional and hydraulic resistance into propulsive forces. To understand how a single cell can control such an adaptable and robust mode of locomotion, we developed a computational model of the motile apparatus of Euglena cells consisting of an active striated cell envelope. Our modelling shows that gait adaptability does not require specific mechanosensitive feedback but instead can be explained by the mechanical self-regulation of an elastic and extended motor system. Our study thus identifies a locomotory function and the operating principles of the adaptable peristaltic body deformation of Euglena cells.
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