PISCES-RF：一种液体冷却的高功率稳态螺旋等离子体装置
PISCES-RF: a liquid-cooled high-power steady-state helicon plasma device
摘要：
射频（RF）驱动的螺旋等离子体源可以在氩气中以相对中等的功率（< 2 kW）产生相对高密度的等离子体（n > 10^19 m-3）。然而，为了产生类似的高密度等离子体用于聚变相关气体，例如氢、氘和氦，需要高得多的RF功率。对于非常高的RF功率，在RF源设计中使用的RF透明电介质窗口的热问题限制了等离子体操作时间尺度。为了缓解这一限制，我们设计，建造和测试了一种新型的液体冷却的RF窗口，允许在高功率（高达20千瓦）的稳态操作。去离子（DI）水，在两个同心的介电RF窗口之间流动，被用作冷却剂。我们表明，一个完整的方位角毯去离子水不会降低等离子体的生产。我们使用氩和氢都获得了稳态的高密度等离子体（n > 10^19 m-3，T_e ~ 5 eV）。通过对去离子水的量热法，我们测量了在稳态条件下由冷却剂去除的净热量。使用红外（IR）成像，我们计算恒定的等离子体热沉积和测量最终的稳态温度分布图案的陶瓷层的内表面上。我们发现，热沉积模式如下的螺旋形状的天线。我们还显示了由DI水吸收的热量之间的一致性，如通过量热法测量的，以及由于等离子体加热和吸收的RF的组合效应而导致的总热量。这些结果被用来回答关键工程问题的200千瓦射频设备（MPEX：材料等离子体暴露eXperiment）被设计在橡树岭国家实验室（ORNL）作为下一代等离子体材料相互作用（PMI）设备。
英文摘要：
Radio-frequency (RF) driven helicon plasma sources can produce relatively high-density plasmas (n > 10^19 m-3) at relatively moderate powers (< 2 kW) in argon. However, to produce similar high-density plasmas for fusion relevant gases such as hydrogen, deuterium and helium, much higher RF powers are needed. For very high RF powers, thermal issues of the RF-transparent dielectric window, used in the RF source design, limit the plasma operation timescales. To mitigate this constraint, we have designed, built and tested a novel liquid-cooled RF window which allows steady state operations at high power (up to 20 kW). De-ionized (DI) water, flowing between two concentric dielectric RF windows, is used as the coolant. We show that a full azimuthal blanket of DI water does not degrade plasma production. We obtain steady-state, high-density plasmas (n > 10^19 m-3, T_e ~ 5 eV) using both argon and hydrogen. From calorimetry on the DI water, we measure the net heat that is being removed by the coolant at steady state conditions. Using infra-red (IR) imaging, we calculate the constant plasma heat deposition and measure the final steady state temperature distribution patterns on the inner surface of the ceramic layer. We find that the heat deposition pattern follows the helical shape of the antenna. We also show the consistency between the heat absorbed by the DI water, as measured by calorimetry, and the total heat due to the combined effect of the plasma heating and the absorbed RF. These results are being used to answer critical engineering questions for the 200 kW RF device (MPEX: Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment) being designed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as a next generation plasma material interaction (PMI) device.
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