We present the first numerical simulations of gravitational waves (GWs) passing through a potential well generated by a compact object in 3-D space, with a realistic source waveform derived from numerical relativity for the merger of two black holes. Unlike the previous work, our analyses focus on the time-domain, in which the propagation of GWs is a well-posed "initial-value" problem for the hyperbolic equations with rigorous rooting in mathematics and physics. Based on these simulations, we investigate for the first time in realistic 3-D space how the wave nature of GWs affects the speed and waveform of GWs in a potential well. We find that GWs travel faster than the prediction of the Shapiro time-delay in the geometric limit due to the effects of diffraction and wavefront geometry. As the wave speed of GWs is closely related to the locality and wavefront geometry of GWs, which are inherently difficult to be addressed in the frequency-domain, our analyses in the time-domain, therefore, provide the first robust analyses to date on this issue based on solid physics. Moreover, we also investigate, for the first time, the interference between the incident and the scattered waves (the "echoes" of the incident waves). We find that such interference makes the total lensed waveforms dramatically different from those of the original incident ones not only in the amplitude but also in the phase and pattern, especially for signals near the merger of the two back holes.
Unveiling the Microhertz Gravitational-Wave Sky with the Square Kilometre Array Observatory
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所）；DAMTP, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学应用数学与理论物理系）；Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology（巴塞罗那科学与技术研究院高能物理研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校物理系）
Unveiling Neutrino Nature with the Diffuse Supernova Background
Università del Salento（萨莱诺大学）；INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce（意大利国家核物理研究所莱切分部）；Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所及尼尔斯·玻尔国际学院与DARK）
Unveiling the Nature of Superorbital Modulation of SMC X-1 using NinjaSat
National Changhua University of Education（国立彰化师范大学）；Tokyo University of Science（东京理科大学）；RIKEN Nishina Center（理化学研究所西村中心）；Hiroshima University（广岛大学）；Kyoto University（京都大学）；RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics（理化学研究所先进光子研究中心）；RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute（理化学研究所先驱研究所）；Raman Research Institute（拉曼研究所）；International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University（千叶大学强子天体物理学国际中心）；Rikkyo University（立教大学）
Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources 4FGL J1908.6+0915e, HESS J1907+089/HOTS J1907+091, and 3HWC J1907+085 in the sky region of the magnetar SGR 1900+14
Unveiling the nature of the Einstein Probe transient EP 241021a
Radboud University Nijmegen（拉德堡德大学）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；The Cosmic Dawn Centre (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所）；Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá（塔拉帕卡大学高等研究院）；The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学奥斯卡克莱因中心）；Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University（利物浦约翰摩尔大学天体物理研究所）；School of Physics and Centre for Space Research, University College Dublin（都柏林大学学院物理与太空研究中心）；Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, INAF（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DARK（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所DARK中心）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astroísica（拉古纳大学天体物理学系）；Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教Pontificia大学天体物理研究所）；Millennium Institute of Astrophysics（千禧年天体物理研究所）；Astrophysics Research Cluster, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学数学与物理科学学院天体物理研究集群）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester（莱斯特大学物理与天文学学院）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院天文学系）；Space Science Data Center (SSDC) - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)（意大利航天局空间数据中心）；Clemson University（克莱姆森大学）
Einstein Probe发现的暂现体EP 241021a通过多波段观测揭示其可能源于塌缩星体爆炸，需额外能量源支持其演化。
Unveiling the nature of SN 2022jli: The first double-peaked stripped-envelope supernova showing periodic undulations and dust emission at late times
Gemini Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory（吉米尼天文台，美国国家光学红外天文研究实验室）；Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈·波塔莱斯大学工程与科学学院天体物理研究所）；Centro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta（安托法加斯塔大学天文学中心）；Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories（卡内基观测台拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University（奥胡斯大学物理与天文学系）；Fundación Chilena de Astronomía（智利天文学基金会）；Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas（西班牙高等科学研究中心基础物理研究所）；Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (UB-IEEC)（宇宙科学研究所）；Millennium Institute of Astrophysics MAS（天体物理学千年研究所）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
SN 2022jli是首个双峰剥离包层超新星，表现出周期性波动和尘埃发射，研究其二次峰值可能由磁星驱动，揭示SE超亮超新星的物理机制。
