在千米尺度引力波观测站中首次演示6个dB量子噪声抑制
First demonstration of 6 dB quantum noise reduction in a kilometer scale gravitational wave observatory
摘要：
光子散粒噪声是由光的量子力学性质产生的，目前限制了所有频率在一千赫兹以上的引力波观测站的灵敏度。我们报道了在GEO1，600天文台上光的压缩真空态的成功应用，并首次证明了在更大尺度的干涉仪中量子噪声降低到$6.03 \pm 0.02$ dB。这在高频下相当于将干涉仪中循环的激光功率增加四倍。实现这一里程碑是先进探测器升级的一个关键目标，需要更好地了解噪声源和损失，并实施稳健的控制方案以减轻其影响。特别是，我们解决了从光束传播的光学损失，从压缩椭圆的相位噪声，从压缩光源的后向散射光。在GEO 600开展的这项工作中获得的专业知识为实现第三代引力波探测器设想的10 dB压缩提供了见解。
英文摘要：
Photon shot noise, arising from the quantum-mechanical nature of the light, currently limits the sensitivity of all the gravitational wave observatories at frequencies above one kilohertz. We report a successful application of squeezed vacuum states of light at the GEO\,600 observatory and demonstrate for the first time a reduction of quantum noise up to $6.03 \pm 0.02$ dB in a kilometer-scale interferometer. This is equivalent at high frequencies to increasing the laser power circulating in the interferometer by a factor of four. Achieving this milestone, a key goal for the upgrades of the advanced detectors, required a better understanding of the noise sources and losses, and implementation of robust control schemes to mitigate their contributions. In particular, we address the optical losses from beam propagation, phase noise from the squeezing ellipse, and backscattered light from the squeezed light source. The expertise gained from this work carried out at GEO 600 provides insight towards the implementation of 10 dB of squeezing envisioned for third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
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