Exploring the evolution of stellar rotation using Galactic kinematics
Ruth Angus, Angus Beane, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Elisabeth Newton, Jason L. Curtis, Travis Berger, Jennifer van Saders, Rocio Kiman, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Yuxi… 展开作者
Ruth Angus, Angus Beane, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Elisabeth Newton, Jason L. Curtis, Travis Berger, Jennifer van Saders, Rocio Kiman, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Yuxi Lu, Lauren Anderson, Jacqueline K. Faherty
备注：
Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
The rotational evolution of cool dwarfs is poorly constrained after around 1-2 Gyr due to a lack of precise ages and rotation periods for old main-sequence stars. In this work we use velocity dispersion as an age proxy to reveal the temperature-dependent rotational evolution of low-mass Kepler dwarfs, and demonstrate that kinematic ages could be a useful tool for calibrating gyrochronology in the future. We find that a linear gyrochronology model, calibrated to fit the period-Teff relationship of the Praesepe cluster, does not apply to stars older than around 1 Gyr. Although late-K dwarfs spin more slowly than early-K dwarfs when they are young, at old ages we find that late-K dwarfs rotate at the same rate or faster than early-K dwarfs of the same age. This result agrees qualitatively with semi-empirical models that vary the rate of surface-to-core angular momentum transport as a function of time and mass. It also aligns with recent observations of stars in the NGC 6811 cluster, which indicate that the surface rotation rates of K dwarfs go through an epoch of inhibited evolution. We find that the oldest Kepler stars with measured rotation periods are late-K and early-M dwarfs, indicating that these stars maintain spotted surfaces and stay magnetically active longer than more massive stars. Finally, based on their kinematics, we confirm that many rapidly rotating GKM dwarfs are likely to be synchronized binaries.
We use archival ALMA observations of the CO(2-1) and SiO(5-4) molecular line emissions of AGB star R Hya to illustrate the relative contributions of rotation, expansion and line broadening to the morphology and kinematics of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) within some ~70 au (~0.5 arcsec) from the centre of the star. We give evidence for rotation and important line broadening to dominate the inner region, within ~14 au (~100 mas) from the centre of the star. The former is about an axis that projects a few degrees west of north and has a projected rotation velocity of a few km/s. The latter oc…
MIKiS: the Multi-Instrument Kinematic Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. I. Velocity dispersion profiles and rotation signals of 11 globular clusters
Many young and intermediate age massive stellar clusters host bimodal distributions in the rotation rates of their stellar populations, with a dominant peak of rapidly rotating stars and a secondary peak of slow rotators. The origin of this bimodal rotational distribution is currently debated and two main theories have been put forward in the literature. The first is that all/most stars are born as rapid rotators and that interacting binaries brake a fraction of the stars, resulting in two populations. The second is that the rotational distribution is a reflection of the early evolution of pre…
Angular momentum is a key property regulating star formation and evolution. However, the physics driving the distribution of the stellar rotation rates of early-type main-sequence stars is as yet poorly understood. Using our catalog of 40,034 early-type stars with homogeneous $v\sin i$ parameters, we review the statistical properties of their stellar rotation rates. We discuss the importance of possible contaminants, including binaries and chemically peculiar stars. Upon correction for projection effects and rectification of the error distribution, we derive the distributions of our sample's e…
Kinematics of Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters with Gaia
球状星团（GC）中多个恒星星族的内部动力学对它们形成的物理过程提供了独特的约束。特别是，星团恒星的现今运动学，如自转和速度色散，似乎与系统的初始配置有关。在最近的工作中（Milone et al. 2018），我们第一次分析了NGC0104（47 Tuccino）中不同恒星星族在大视场内的运动学，利用Gaia Data Release 2自行与多波段地基测光相结合。本文基于Cordoni等人的工作。（2019），我们将这种分析扩展到六个GC，即NGC0288，NGC5904（M5），NGC6121（M4），NGC6752，NGC6838（M71），并进一步探索NGC0104。在分析的星系团中，只有NGC0104和NGC5904在天空平面上显示出明显的旋转。有趣的是，NGC5904中的多个恒星星族呈现出不同的自转曲线。
We present a detailed 3D kinematic analysis of the central regions ($R<30''$) of the low-mass and dynamically evolved galactic globular cluster NGC 6362. The study is based on data obtained with ESO-VLT/MUSE used in combination with the adaptive optics module and providing $\sim3000$ line-of-sight radial velocities, which have been complemented with Hubble Space Telescope proper motions. The quality of the data and the number of available radial velocities allowed us to detect for the first time a significant rotation signal along the line of sight in the cluster core with amplitude of $\sim 1…
Cluster kinematics and stellar rotation in NGC 419 with MUSE and adaptive optics
我们提出了自适应光学（AO）辅助的小麦哲伦云中的中间年龄星团NGC 419的积分场光谱。通过研究主序星（MSTO）的星团动力学和旋转特性，我们证明了AO馈MUSE观测这类天体的能力。基于1049个径向速度测量结果，我们确定了星团的动态质量为1.4+/-0.2x10^5 M_sun，动态质光比为0.67+/-0.08，略高于Kroupa初始质量函数的简单恒星星族预测。在扩展的MSTO两侧的光谱的堆叠分析显示显着的旋转增宽。我们的分析进一步提供了初步证据，证明红色MSTO恒星的旋转速度比蓝色恒星快。我们发现蓝色和红色MSTO恒星的平均V sin i值分别为87+/-16 km/s和130+/-22 km/s。由于MUSE的低光谱分辨率，潜在的系统效应可达30 km/s，但种群之间的V sin i差异不太可能受到影响。
Estimating stellar ages is important for advancing our understanding of stellar and exoplanet evolution and investigating the history of the Milky Way. However, ages for low-mass stars are hard to infer as they evolve slowly on the main sequence. In addition, empirical dating methods are difficult to calibrate for low-mass stars as they are faint. In this work, we calculate ages for Kepler F, G, and crucially K and M dwarfs, using their rotation and kinematic properties. We apply the simple assumption that the velocity dispersion of stars increases over time and adopt an age--velocity--dispers…
Using the non-linear mean-field dynamo models we calculate the magnetic cycle parameters, like the dynamo cycle period, the amplitude of the total magnetic energy, and the Poynting flux luminosity from the surface for the solar analogs with rotation periods of range from 1 to 30 days. We do simulations both for the kinematic and non-kinematic dynamo models. The kinematic dynamo models, which take into account the non-linear $α$-effect and the loss of the magnetic flux due to magnetic buoyancy, show a decrease of the magnetic cycle with the decrease of the stellar rotation period. The stars wit…
Constraining general massive-star physics by exploring the unique properties of magnetic O-stars: Rotation, macroturbulence, and sub-surface convection
We report multi-epoch radial velocities, rotational velocities, and atmospheric parameters for 37 T-type brown dwarfs observed with Keck/NIRSPEC. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo forward-modeling method, we achieve median precisions of 0.5 km s$^{-1}$ and 0.9 km s$^{-1}$ for radial and rotational velocities, respectively. All of the T dwarfs in our sample are thin disk brown dwarfs. We confirm previously reported moving group associations for four T dwarfs. However, the lack of spectral indicators of youth in two of these sources suggests that these are chance alignments. We confirm two previo…
Over the course of their lifetimes, the rotation of solar-type stars goes through different phases. Once they reach the zero-age main sequence, their global rotation rate decreases during the main sequence until at least the solar age, approximately following the empirical Skumanich's law and enabling gyrochronology. Older solar-type stars might then reach a point of transition when they stop braking, according to recent results of asteroseismology. Additionally, recent 3D numerical simulations of solar-type stars show that different regimes of differential rotation can be characterized with t…
