arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.09236math.OC
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基因流模型的约束控制

Constrained control of gene-flow models

Idriss Mazari, Domenec Ruiz-Balet, Enrique Zuazua

摘要:

在生态学和种群动力学中,基因流指的是一种性状从一个种群转移到另一个种群。这种现象出现在研究社会特征的演变中,如语言。从数学的角度来看,基因流是使用离散的反应扩散方程建模的。未知数是在一个群体$N$中,具有某种性状的群体的比例$p$。通过假设种群密度$N$取决于$p$或位置$x$来考虑基因流。最近的应用程序所产生的蚊子传播的疾病控制问题,或从双语的研究要求调查这些模型的可控性。在数学水平上,这对应于边界控制问题,并且由于我们使用比例,控制$u$必须满足约束$0\leq u \leq 1$。在这篇文章中,我们提供了一个彻底的分析基因流效应对边界可控性的影响。我们证明,当人口密度$N$只取决于性状比例$p$,域的几何形状是唯一的标准,必须考虑。然后,我们处理的情况下,人口密度$N$变化的$x$。我们首先证明,当$N$在$x$中缓慢变化时,并且当域足够窄时,可控性总是成立。然后,我们考虑的情况下,急剧波动的$N$:我们给出的例子证明,可控性可能会失败。相反,我们给出了$N$的示例,以便始终保证可控性。所有的负能控性结果证明了存在的非平凡的定态,作为障碍。这种解决方案的存在性和证明方法是独立的利益。我们的文章完成了几个数值实验,证实了我们的分析。

英文摘要:

In ecology and population dynamics, gene-flow refers to the transfer of a trait from one population to another. This phenomenon appears in studying the evolution of social features, such as languages. From the mathematical point of view, gene-flow is modelled using bistable reaction-diffusion equations. The unknown is the proportion $p$ of the population possessing a certain trait, within a population $N$. Gene-flow is taken into account by assuming that the population density $N$ depends either on $p$ or on the location $x$. Recent applications stemming from mosquito-borne disease control problems or from the study of bilingualism have called for the investigation of the controllability properties of these models. At the mathematical level, this corresponds to boundary control problems and, since we are working with proportions, the control $u$ has to satisfy the constraints $0\leq u \leq 1$. In this article, we provide a thorough analysis of the influence of the gene-flow effect on boundary controllability properties. We prove that, when the population density $N$ only depends on the trait proportion $p$, the geometry of the domain is the only criterion that has to be considered. We then tackle the case of population densities $N$ varying in $x$. We first prove that, when $N$ varies slowly in $x$ and when the domain is narrow enough, controllability always holds. We then consider the case of sharp fluctuations in $N$: we give examples that prove that controllability may fail. Conversely, we give examples of $N$ such that controllability will always be guaranteed. All negative controllability results are proved by showing the existence of non-trivial stationary states, which act as barriers. The existence of such solutions and the methods of proof are of independent interest. Our article is completed by several numerical experiments that confirm our analysis.

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