可追溯性是现代软件开发过程的基本组成部分，有助于确保程序正常运行和安全。由于手动建立跟踪链接的成本很高，研究人员已经开发出自动化的方法，使用相似性度量来绘制文本软件工件之间的关系。然而，这种技术的有效性往往是有限的，因为它们只利用单一的测量工件相似性，不能同时建模（隐式和显式）的各种开发工件的组之间的关系。在本文中，我们说明了如何通过使用量身定制的概率模型来克服这些限制。为此，我们设计并实现了一个层次化的ProObjectiveModel for SoftwarE Traceability（彗星），它能够推断出候选跟踪链接。Comet能够通过结合文本相似性的多种测量的互补观察能力来建模工件之间的关系。此外，我们的模型可以从整体上整合来自不同来源的信息，包括开发人员的反馈和软件工件组之间的传递（通常是隐式的）关系，以提高推理的准确性。我们对Comet进行了全面的实证评估，说明了在最佳情况下$\approx$ 14%的一组最佳配置基线上的改进，以及在所有受试者中$\approx$ 5%的平均精度。Comet在实践中的相对有效性可能更高，因为通常不可能进行最佳配置。最后，我们在对使用原型Comet Jenkins插件的Cisco Systems开发人员的调查中说明了Comet的实用性潜力。
英文摘要：
Traceability is a fundamental component of the modern software development process that helps to ensure properly functioning, secure programs. Due to the high cost of manually establishing trace links, researchers have developed automated approaches that draw relationships between pairs of textual software artifacts using similarity measures. However, the effectiveness of such techniques are often limited as they only utilize a single measure of artifact similarity and cannot simultaneously model (implicit and explicit) relationships across groups of diverse development artifacts.
In this paper, we illustrate how these limitations can be overcome through the use of a tailored probabilistic model. To this end, we design and implement a HierarchiCal PrObabilistic Model for SoftwarE Traceability (Comet) that is able to infer candidate trace links. Comet is capable of modeling relationships between artifacts by combining the complementary observational prowess of multiple measures of textual similarity. Additionally, our model can holistically incorporate information from a diverse set of sources, including developer feedback and transitive (often implicit) relationships among groups of software artifacts, to improve inference accuracy. We conduct a comprehensive empirical evaluation of Comet that illustrates an improvement over a set of optimally configured baselines of $\approx$14% in the best case and $\approx$5% across all subjects in terms of average precision. The comparative effectiveness of Comet in practice, where optimal configuration is typically not possible, is likely to be higher. Finally, we illustrate Comets potential for practical applicability in a survey with developers from Cisco Systems who used a prototype Comet Jenkins plugin.
Enhancing Requirements Traceability Link Recovery: A Novel Approach with T-SimCSE
School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University（浙江工商大学计算机科学与技术学院）；Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology（浙江省大数据与未来电子商务技术重点实验室）；Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学计算机科学系）
Natural Language-Programming Language Software Traceability Link Recovery Needs More than Textual Similarity
School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University（计算机科学与人工智能学院，武汉纺织大学）；School of Computer Science, Wuhan University（计算机科学学院，武汉大学）；The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；The University of Western Australia（西澳大学）
Towards LLM-Assisted Architecture Recovery for Real-World ROS~2 Systems: An Agent-Based Multi-Level Approach to Hierarchical Structural Architecture Reconstruction
Institute for Software and Systems Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany（软件与系统工程研究所， Clausthal 技术大学， Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678，德国）
