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arXiv 2005.08904math.STmath.PRstat.TH
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紧度量空间上随机场渐近最优线性预测的充要条件

Necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotically optimal linear prediction of random fields on compact metric spaces

Kristin Kirchner, David Bolin

AI总结:

本文研究紧度量空间随机场在错误均值与协方差设定下的线性预测,给出预测器关于线性泛函一致渐近最优的充要条件,并以 Matérn、周期及球面各向同性协方差为例验证。

摘要:

如果已知随机场 Z 的均值函数 m 和协方差函数 ϱ,则可对由紧度量空间 (𝒳,d_𝒳) 索引的随机场 {Z(x)}_{x∈𝒳} 获得最优线性预测(亦称 kriging)。我们研究如下问题:基于在位置 {x_j}_{j=1}^n 处的观测预测 Z 在某位置 x*∈𝒳 处的值 Z(x*),其中这些位置随 n→∞ 聚集于 x*;更一般地,也研究针对线性泛函 φ、φ_1、…、φ_n,基于 {φ_j(Z)}_{j=1}^n 预测 φ(Z)。我们的主要结果刻画了在采用不正确的二阶结构 (m̃,ϱ̃) 时线性预测器随 n 增大的渐近性能,且不对 ϱ、ϱ̃ 施加平稳性等限制性假设。我们首次给出了关于 (m̃,ϱ̃) 的充要条件,使相应线性预测器的渐近最优性关于 φ 一致成立。这些一般结果通过 𝒳⊂ℝ^d 上具有 Matérn 或周期协方差函数的弱平稳随机场,以及球面 𝒳=𝕊² 上两个各向同性协方差函数的情形加以说明。

英文摘要:

Optimal linear prediction (aka. kriging) of a random field $\{Z(x)\}_{x\in\mathcal{X}}$ indexed by a compact metric space $(\mathcal{X},d_{\mathcal{X}})$ can be obtained if the mean value function $m\colon\mathcal{X}\to\mathbb{R}$ and the covariance function $\varrho\colon\mathcal{X}\times\mathcal{X}\to\mathbb{R}$ of $Z$ are known. We consider the problem of predicting the value of $Z(x^*)$ at some location $x^*\in\mathcal{X}$ based on observations at locations $\{x_j\}_{j=1}^n$ which accumulate at $x^*$ as $n\to\infty$ (or, more generally, predicting $φ(Z)$ based on $\{φ_j(Z)\}_{j=1}^n$ for linear functionals $φ,φ_1,\ldots,φ_n$). Our main result characterizes the asymptotic performance of linear predictors (as $n$ increases) based on an incorrect second order structure $(\tilde{m},\tilde{\varrho})$, without any restrictive assumptions on $\varrho,\tilde{\varrho}$ such as stationarity. We, for the first time, provide necessary and sufficient conditions on $(\tilde{m},\tilde{\varrho})$ for asymptotic optimality of the corresponding linear predictor holding uniformly with respect to $φ$. These general results are illustrated by weakly stationary random fields on $\mathcal{X}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ with Matérn or periodic covariance functions, and on the sphere $\mathcal{X}=\mathbb{S}^2$ for the case of two isotropic covariance functions.

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