超流4He中通过声子产生寻找低质量暗物质
Searching for low mass dark matter via phonon creation in superfluid 4He
摘要：
我们考虑暗物质粒子从超流液体$^4$ He的散射，这已被提出作为其直接检测的目标。专注于暗物质质量低于1兆电子伏，我们证明了从求和规则参数的重要性，生产的能量为$ω\lesssim 1$兆电子伏的单声子。我们进一步证明了在低压下液态$^4$ He中声子的反常色散[即，$d^2ω(q)/dq^2>0$，其中$q$和$ω(q)$是声子动量和能量]具有重要的结果，即单个声子将在相对短的距离内衰减成以原始声子的方向为中心的较低能量声子簇。因此，在这一制度的实验挑战是检测一个淋浴的低能量声子，而不仅仅是一个单一的声子。从这种簇射中声子分布的额外信息可以增强对暗物质质量的测定。
英文摘要：
We consider the scattering of dark matter particles from superfluid liquid $^4$He, which has been proposed as a target for their direct detection. Focusing on dark matter masses below ~1 MeV, we demonstrate from sum-rule arguments the importance of the production of single phonons with energies $ω\lesssim 1$ meV. We show further that the anomalous dispersion of phonons in liquid $^4$He at low pressures [i.e., $d^2ω(q)/dq^2>0$, where $q$ and $ω(q)$ are the phonon momentum and energy] has the important consequence that a single phonon will decay over a relatively short distance into a shower of lower energy phonons centered on the direction of the original phonon. Thus the experimental challenge in this regime is to detect a shower of low energy phonons, not just a single phonon. Additional information from the distribution of phonons in such a shower could enhance the determination of the dark matter mass.
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