High penetration of distributed generation will be characteristic to future distribution networks. The dynamic, intermittent, uncertain and deregulated nature of distributed generation raises the need for online, distributed economic dispatch techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of such approaches using population dynamics. We propose a congestion management algorithm and demonstrate the notable properties and requirements of the proposed approach.
Pricing multi-interval economic dispatch of electric power under operational uncertainty is considered in this two-part paper. Part I investigates dispatch-following incentives for generators under the locational marginal pricing (LMP) and temporal locational marginal pricing (TLMP) policies. Extending the theoretical results developed in Part I, Part II evaluates a broader set of performance measures under a general network model. For networks with power flow constraints, TLMP is shown to have an energy-congestion-ramping price decomposition. Under the one-shot dispatch and pricing model, thi…
Fully Distributed Adaptive Consensus Approach for Economic Dispatch Problem
Vidya Pratishthan’s Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute of Engineering & Technology（Vidya Pratishthan's Kamalnayan Bajaj 工程与技术学院）；IIT Delhi（德里印度理工学院）；National Institute of Technology Rourkela（鲁尔克拉国家技术学院）
A partially distributed economic dispatch algorithm, which renders optimal value in fixed time with the objective of supplying the load requirement as well as the power transmission losses, is proposed in this paper. The transmission losses are modeled using Kron's $\mathcal{B}-$loss formula, under a standard assumption on the values of $\mathcal{B}-$coefficients. The total power supplied by the generators is subjected to time-varying equality constraints due to time-varying nature of the transmission losses. Using Lyapunov and optimization theory, we rigorously prove the convergence of the pr…
Improving distribution grid reliability is a major challenge for planning and operation of distribution systems having a high share of distributed generators (DGs). The rise of DGs share can lead to unplanned contingencies while on the other hand, they can provide flexibility in supporting grid operations after a contingency event. This paper presents an optimal energy interruption planning approach that dispatches the flexibility from DGs and performs a cost-optimal load shedding of flexible loads. The proposed approach is tested on a synthetic grid, representing typical urban and low voltage…
The dynamics-aware economic dispatch (DED) problem embeds low-level generator dynamics and operational constraints to enable near real-time scheduling of generation units in a power network. DED produces a more dynamic supervisory control policy than traditional economic dispatch (T-ED) that leads to reduced overall generation costs. However, the incorporation of differential equations that govern the system dynamics makes DED an optimization problem that is computationally prohibitive to solve. In this work, we present a new data-driven approach based on differentiable programming to efficien…
As renewable energy sources replace traditional power sources (such as thermal generators), uncertainty grows while there are fewer controllable units. To reduce operational risks and avoid frequent real-time emergency controls, a preparatory schedule of renewable generation curtailment is required. This paper proposes a novel two-stage robust generation dispatch (RGD) model, where the preparatory curtailment schedule is optimized in the pre-dispatch stage. The curtailment schedule will then influence the variation range of real-time renewable power output, resulting in a decision-dependent un…
In this paper, we will consider the Look-Ahead Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (LASCOPF) problem looking forward multiple dispatch intervals, in which the load demand varies over dispatch intervals according to some forecast. We will consider the base-case and several contingency scenarios in the upcoming as well as in the subsequent dispatch intervals. We will formulate and solve the problem in a Model Predictive Control (MPC) paradigm. We will present the Auxiliary Proximal Message Passing (APMP) algorithm to solve this problem, which is a bi-layered decomposition-coordination type d…
Intra-day economic dispatch of an integrated microgrid is a fundamental requirement to integrate distributed generators. The dynamic energy flows in cogeneration units present challenges to the energy management of the microgrid. In this paper, a novel approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach is proposed to solve this problem based on value function approximation, which is distinct with the consideration of the dynamic process constraints of the combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant. First, we mathematically formulate the multi-time periods decision problem as a finite-horizon Markov d…
Optimal power dispatch in networks of high-dimensional models of synchronous machines
University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；Engineering and Technology institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学工程与技术研究所）；Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学约翰·伯努利数学与计算机科学研究所）
This paper describes a control approach for large-scale electricity networks, with the goal of efficiently coordinating distributed generators to balance unexpected load variations with respect to nominal forecasts. To mitigate the difficulties due to the size of the problem, the proposed methodology is divided in two steps. First, the network is partitioned into clusters, composed of several dispatchable and non dispatchable generators, storage systems, and loads. A clustering algorithm is designed with the aim of obtaining clusters with the following characteristics: (i) they must be compact…
In this paper, a novel Gaussian bare-bones bat algorithm (GBBBA) and its modified version named as dynamic exploitation Gaussian bare-bones bat algorithm (DeGBBBA) are proposed for solving optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) plays a fundamental role in ensuring stable, secure, reliable as well as economical operation of the power system. The ORPD problem is formulated as a complex and nonlinear optimization problem of mixed integers including both discrete and continuous control variables. Bat algorithm (BA) is one of the most popular meta…
The Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) is a fundamental optimization model for Transmission System Operators (TSO) to clear real-time energy markets while ensuring reliable operations of power grids. In a context of growing operational uncertainty, due to increased penetration of renewable generators and distributed energy resources, operators must continuously monitor risk in real-time, i.e., they must quickly assess the system's behavior under various changes in load and renewable production. Unfortunately, systematically solving an optimization problem for each such scenario is n…
This article proposes a distributed secondary control scheme that drives a dc microgrid to an equilibrium point where the generators share optimal currents, and their voltages have a weighted average of nominal value. The scheme does not rely on the electric system topology nor its specifications; it guarantees plug-and-play design and functionality of the generators. First, the incremental model of the microgrid system with constant impedance, current, and power devices is shown to admit a port-Hamiltonian (pH) representation, and its passive output is determined. The economic dispatch proble…
This paper proposes a robust transient stability constrained optimal power flow problem that addresses renewable uncertainties by the coordination of generation re-dispatch and power flow router (PFR) tuning.PFR refers to a general type of network-side controller that enlarges the feasible region of the OPF problem. The coordination between network-side and generator-side control in the proposed model is more general than the traditional methods which focus on generation dispatch only. An offline-online solution framework is developed to solve the problem efficiently. Under this framework the …
For power grids predominantly featuring large synchronous generators (SGs), there exists a significant body of work bridging optimization and control tasks. A generic workflow in such efforts entails: characterizing the steady state of control algorithms and SG dynamics; assessing the optimality of the resulting operating point with respect to an optimal dispatch task; and prescribing control parameters to ensure that (under reasonable ambient perturbations) the considered control nudges the system steady state to optimality. Well studied instances of the aforementioned approach include design…
Motivated by the inadequacy of conventional control methods for power networks with a large share of renewable generation, in this paper we study the (stochastic) passivity property of wind turbines based on the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Differently from the majority of the results in the literature, where renewable generation is ignored or assumed to be constant, we model wind power generation as a stochastic process, where wind speed is described by a class of stochastic differential equations. Then, we design a distributed control scheme that achieves load frequency control and…
This paper proposes a new concept called virtual inertia scheduling (VIS) to efficiently handle the high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). VIS is an inertia management framework that targets security-constrained and economy-oriented inertia scheduling and generation dispatch of power systems with a large scale of renewable generations. Specifically, it schedules the proper power setting points and reserved capacities of both synchronous generators and IBRs, as well as the control modes and control parameters of IBRs to provide secure and cost-effective inertia support. First, a u…
The notion of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) has been used many times in last years in power systems and for several reasons. As a general trend, the behavior of a classic synchronous generator is to be emulated for a class of conventional grid components like, e.g., renewable generators or/and power electronic units. Most of the times production of these units is of interest, as it is the case for the new AGC scheme of Spain which, from this point of view, looks like a VPP. However, dynamic aspects are of high importance, especially for increasing the actual rate of penetration of Renewable Energy…
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies（法兰克福高级研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学物理与天文学系）；Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research - Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE)（于利希研究中心能源与气候研究所-系统分析与技术评估（IEK-STE））；Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne（科隆大学理论物理研究所）
