微型激波管中激波衰减的研究进展
Insights into the shockwave attenuation in miniature shock tubes
摘要：
微型激波管在各种跨学科的应用中越来越重要。现有的激波管流动模型解释了压力驱动的微型激波管中激波的衰减，但缺乏实验数据来验证这些模型。本文研究了2 mm、6 mm和10 mm方形截面的微型激波管中激波的形成和激波传播现象，激波管的膜片破裂压比在5-25范围内，驱动段初始为环境条件。压力测量和可视化研究是在一个新的小型台式激波管系统中进行的，使用氮气和氦气作为驱动气体。实验结果进行了验证，使用激波管模型解释在两个区域：（1）冲击形成区域，占主导地位的波的相互作用，由于隔膜的有限破裂时间。(2)激波传播区，在此激波衰减主要是由于壁面效应和边界层增长。预测激波形成区和激波传播区激波马赫数变化的关联式与文献报道的实验数据吻合得很好。在相同的无量纲时间戳的激波管中观察到类似的流动特征。平面激波阵面的形成与激波管的直径成比例。激波达到的峰值马赫数随着激波管直径的增加而增加。
英文摘要：
Miniature shock tubes are finding growing importance in a variety of interdisciplinary applications. There is a lack of experimental data to validate the existing shock tube flow models that explain the shockwave attenuation in pressure-driven miniature shock tubes. This paper gives insights into the shock formation and shock propagation phenomena in miniature shock tubes of 2mm, 6mm, and 10mm square cross-sections operated at diaphragm rupture pressure ratios in the range 5-25 and driven section initially at ambient conditions. Pressure measurements and visualization studies are carried out in a new miniature table-top shock tube system using nitrogen and helium as driver gases. The experimental findings are validated using a shock tube model explained in terms of two regions; (1) The shock formation region, dominated by wave interactions due to the diaphragm's finite rupture time. (2) The shock propagation region, where the shockwave attenuation occurs mainly due to wall effects and boundary layer growth. Correlations to predict the variation of shock Mach number in the shock formation region and shock propagation region work well for the present findings and experimental data reported in the literature. Similar flow features are observed in the shock tubes at the same dimensionless time stamps. The formation of the planar shock front scales proportionally with the diameter of the shock tube. The peak Mach number attained by the shockwave is higher as the shock tube diameter increases.
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