语言变化不是中性的空间证据
Spatial evidence that language change is not neutral
摘要：
遗传和语言进化的中性理论认为，变异的相对频率是通过随机漂移而进化的。中性进化仍然是语言变化的一个看似合理的零模型。在本文中，我们提供的证据对中性假设考虑在语言调查中观察到的地理模式。我们将扬声器建模为嵌入空间中的Hopfield网络中的神经元，类似于统计物理学的经典二维晶格模型之一。该模型的普适性类依赖于神经元的激活函数的形式，该激活函数对说话者的学习行为进行编码。我们将英语方言调查生成的地图视为我们网络中的样本。极大似然分析，并比较真实和模拟地图之间的空间自相关性，表明地图更有可能属于一致性驱动的伊辛类，其中接口由表面张力驱动，而不是中性选民类，其中它们由噪声驱动。
英文摘要：
The neutral theory of genetic and linguistic evolution holds that the relative frequencies of variants evolve by random drift. Neutral evolution remains a plausible null model of language change. In this paper we provide evidence against the neutral hypothesis by considering the geographical patterns observed in language surveys. We model speakers as neurons in a Hopfield network embedded in space, analogous to one of the classical two dimensional lattice models of statistical physics. The universality class of the model depends on the form of the activation function of the neurons, which encodes learning behaviour of speakers. We view maps generated by the Survey of English Dialects as samples from our network. Maximum likelihood analysis, and comparison of spatial auto-correlations between real and simulated maps, indicates that the maps are more likely to belong to the conformity-driven Ising class, where interfaces are driven by surface tension, rather than the neutral Voter class, where they are driven by noise.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
