arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.07126astro-ph.IMastro-ph.CO
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再电离21厘米信号观测历元的刻度要求-- I.时间相关增益的影响

Calibration Requirements for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observations -- I. Effect of time-correlated gains

Jais Kumar, Prasun Dutta, Nirupam Roy

摘要:

剩余增益误差增加了射电干涉观测的系统性。在高动态范围观测的情况下,这些系统性效应在观测的热噪声上占主导地位。在这项工作中,我们调查的影响,时间相关的剩余增益误差估计的功率谱的天空亮度分布在高动态范围的观测。特别是,我们讨论了一种方法来估计的红移21厘米信号的中性氢在明亮的河外致密源的存在下,在功率谱估计的偏差。我们发现,对于基于可见度的功率谱估计器,特别是那些使用附近的基线相关性,以避免噪声偏差,在功率谱的偏差主要来自剩余增益误差的时间相关性。偏倚还取决于特定观测的基线分布。分析计算表明,偏差是占主导地位的某些类型的基线对用于能见度相关。我们进行了模拟观测的河外致密源的剩余增益误差的存在下,与GMRT类阵列和估计的功率谱的偏差。我们的研究结果表明,为了估计红移21厘米功率谱,更好的校准技术和估计的发展是必需的。

英文摘要:

The residual gain errors add to the systematics of the radio interferometric observations. In case of the high dynamic range observations, these systematic effects dominates over the thermal noise of the observation. In this work, we investigate the effect of time-correlated residual gain errors in the estimation of the power spectrum of the sky brightness distribution in high dynamic range observations. Particularly, we discuss a methodology to estimate the bias in the power spectrum estimator of the redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the presence of bright extragalactic compact sources. We find, that for the visibility based power spectrum estimators, particularly those use nearby baseline correlations to avoid noise bias, the bias in the power spectrum arises mainly from the time correlation in the residual gain error. The bias also depends on the baseline distribution for a particular observation. Analytical calculations show that the bias is dominant for certain types of baseline pairs used for the visibility correlation. We perform simulated observation of extragalactic compact sources in the presence of residual gain errors with the GMRT like array and estimate the bias in the power spectrum. Our results indicate that in order to estimate the redshifted 21-cm power spectrum, better calibration techniques and estimator development are required.

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