用软球离散元模拟约束接触双星（486958）Arrokoth的最终合并
Constraining the final merger of contact binary(486958) Arrokoth with soft-sphere discrete element simulations
摘要：
新视野号任务已经返回了双叶柯伊伯带天体（486958）Arrokoth的惊人图像。它是一个接触双星，由两个完整且相对未受干扰的前身天体通过狭窄的接触区域连接而成。我们使用一个版本的pkdgrav，一个N体代码，允许粒子之间的软球碰撞，模拟各种可能的合并方案，目的是约束Arrokoth可能已经从两个柯伊伯带对象演变成目前的接触二进制配置。我们发现，碰撞必须是相当缓慢的（小于5米/秒）和擦肩（影响角度大于75度），以保持完整的瓣合并后，在两个祖对象的情况下，碎石桩。在一个紧密的同步轨道上的两个物体之间的温和接触似乎是最合理的。
英文摘要：
The New Horizons mission has returned stunning images of the bilobate Kuiper belt object (486958) Arrokoth. It is a contact binary, formed from two intact and relatively undisturbed predecessor objects joined by a narrow contact region. We use a version of pkdgrav, an N-body code that allows for soft-sphere collisions between particles, to model a variety of possible merger scenarios with the aim of constraining how Arrokoth may have evolved from two Kuiper belt objects into its current contact binary configuration. We find that the impact must have been quite slow (less than 5 m/s) and grazing (impact angles greater than 75 degrees) in order to leave intact lobes after the merger, in the case that both progenitor objects were rubble piles. A gentle contact between two bodies in a close synchronous orbit seems most plausible.
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