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arXiv 2005.06318cs.NEcs.ETeess.IV
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28纳米卷积神经形态处理器实现基于视网膜的在线学习

A 28-nm Convolutional Neuromorphic Processor Enabling Online Learning with Spike-Based Retinas

Charlotte Frenkel, Jean-Didier Legat, David Bol

摘要:

为了遵循生物信息表示和组织原则,神经形态工程领域通常是自下而上的,从生物物理模型到大规模的计算机集成。虽然作为认知计算和神经科学的实验平台是理想的,但自下而上的神经形态处理器与用于现实世界问题的专用神经网络加速器相比,还没有表现出效率优势。自上而下的方法旨在通过(i)从应用问题开始和(ii)调查如何使相关算法硬件有效和生物合理来回答这个困难。为了利用基于尖峰的神经形态视网膜的数据稀疏性进行自适应边缘计算和视觉应用,我们遵循自上而下的方法,提出了SPOON,一种28 nm事件驱动的CNN(eCNN)。它嵌入在线学习只有16.8%的权力和11.8%的面积开销与生物合理的直接随机目标投影(DRTP)算法。在MNIST上,0.6 V时每分类能量为313 nJ,$^2$面积为0.32 mm,准确率为95.3%(片上训练)和97.5%(片外训练),我们证明SPOON达到了传统机器学习加速器的效率,同时嵌入了片上学习并与基于事件的传感器兼容,这一点我们在N-MNIST基准测试中进一步强调。

英文摘要:

In an attempt to follow biological information representation and organization principles, the field of neuromorphic engineering is usually approached bottom-up, from the biophysical models to large-scale integration in silico. While ideal as experimentation platforms for cognitive computing and neuroscience, bottom-up neuromorphic processors have yet to demonstrate an efficiency advantage compared to specialized neural network accelerators for real-world problems. Top-down approaches aim at answering this difficulty by (i) starting from the applicative problem and (ii) investigating how to make the associated algorithms hardware-efficient and biologically-plausible. In order to leverage the data sparsity of spike-based neuromorphic retinas for adaptive edge computing and vision applications, we follow a top-down approach and propose SPOON, a 28-nm event-driven CNN (eCNN). It embeds online learning with only 16.8-% power and 11.8-% area overheads with the biologically-plausible direct random target projection (DRTP) algorithm. With an energy per classification of 313nJ at 0.6V and a 0.32-mm$^2$ area for accuracies of 95.3% (on-chip training) and 97.5% (off-chip training) on MNIST, we demonstrate that SPOON reaches the efficiency of conventional machine learning accelerators while embedding on-chip learning and being compatible with event-based sensors, a point that we further emphasize with N-MNIST benchmarking.

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