惯性海浪能量转换器（ISWEC）技术：设备物理学、多相建模和模拟
The inertial sea wave energy converter (ISWEC) technology: device-physics, multiphase modeling and simulations
摘要：
在本文中，我们调查的惯性波能量转换器（ISWEC）设备的动力学使用全解析计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟。该装置最初由都灵理工大学设计，由一个漂浮的船形船体组成，船体松弛地停泊在海床上。在内部，陀螺动力起飞（PTO）单元将波浪引起的船体俯仰运动转换为电能。CFD模型基于不可压缩的纳维-斯托克斯方程，并利用虚拟域Brinkman惩罚技术来耦合设备物理和水波动力学。数值波浪水槽用于模拟实际的海上作业条件。进行弗劳德尺度分析，使二维和三维模拟缩小（1：20）ISWEC模型。它表明，按比例缩小的2D模型是足够的，以准确地模拟船体的俯仰运动和预测的转换器的发电能力。对ISWEC进行了系统的参数研究，并根据船体和陀螺仪控制参数确定了其发电性能的最佳值。结果表明，当陀螺仪参数选择基于反应控制理论时，该装置达到最佳性能。它示出的PTO控制扭矩的比例控制需要产生连续的陀螺仪进动效应，没有该装置产生没有功率。在惯性参考系中，证明了作用在船体上的偏航和俯仰扭矩具有相同的数量级，为ISWEC技术的未来设计研究提供了信息。此外，从水波到船体、船体到陀螺仪以及陀螺仪到PTO单元的能量传递路径被解析地描述和数值地验证。
英文摘要：
In this paper we investigate the dynamics of the inertial wave energy converter (ISWEC) device using fully-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Originally prototyped by Polytechnic University of Turin, the device consists of a floating, boat-shaped hull that is slack-moored to the sea bed. Internally, a gyroscopic power take off (PTO) unit converts the wave-induced pitch motion of the hull into electrical energy. The CFD model is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and utilizes the fictitious domain Brinkman penalization technique to couple the device physics and water wave dynamics. A numerical wave tank is used to emulate realistic sea operating conditions. A Froude scaling analysis is performed to enable two- and three-dimensional simulations for a scaled-down (1:20) ISWEC model. It is demonstrated that the scaled-down 2D model is sufficient to accurately simulate the hull's pitching motion and to predict the power generation capability of the converter. A systematic parameter study of the ISWEC is conducted, and its optimal performance in terms of power generation is determined based on the hull and gyroscope control parameters. It is demonstrated that the device achieves peak performance when the gyroscope specifications are chosen based on reactive control theory. It is shown that a proportional control of the PTO control torque is required to generate continuous gyroscope precession effects, without which the device generates no power. In an inertial reference frame, it is demonstrated that the yaw and pitch torques acting on the hull are of the same order of magnitude, informing future design investigations of the ISWEC technology. Further, an energy transfer pathway from the water waves to the hull, the hull to the gyroscope, and the gyroscope to the PTO unit is analytically described and numerically verified.
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