月球上的微型冷阱
Micro Cold Traps on the Moon
摘要：
水冰被认为是被困在月球极地地区的大型永久阴影区（PSR）中，因为它们的温度极低。在这里，我们表明，许多未映射的冷阱存在于小的空间尺度上，大大增加了冰可能积累的区域。利用理论模型和月球勘测轨道飞行器的数据，我们估计了阴影在1公里到1厘米尺度上的贡献，这是我们发现冷捕获对水冰有效的最小距离。大约10- 20%的水的永久冷阱面积被发现包含在这些“微冷阱”中，这是月球上数量最多的冷阱。因此，考虑到所有的空间尺度，冷阱的数量大大超过了先前的估计，总面积约为40，000平方公里。大多数水冰冷阱位于纬度>80°的地方，因为赤道方向80°的永久阴影通常太热，无法支持冰的积聚。我们的研究结果表明，被困在月球两极的水可能比以前认为的更容易成为未来任务的资源。
英文摘要：
Water ice is thought to be trapped in large permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the Moon's polar regions, due to their extremely low temperatures. Here, we show that many unmapped cold traps exist on small spatial scales, substantially augmenting the areas where ice may accumulate. Using theoretical models and data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, we estimate the contribution of shadows on scales from 1 km down to 1 cm, the smallest distance over which we find cold-trapping to be effective for water ice. Approximately 10-20\% of the permanent cold trap area for water is found to be contained in these "micro cold traps," which are the most numerous cold traps on the Moon. Consideration of all spatial scales therefore substantially increases the number of cold traps over previous estimates, for a total area of ~40,000 km^2. A majority of cold traps for water ice is found at latitudes >80° because permanent shadows equatorward of 80° are typically too warm to support ice accumulation. Our results show that water trapped at the lunar poles may be more accessible as a resource for future missions than previously thought.
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