动态缩放模拟：一种用于模拟光锥的快速自适应算法
Dynamic Zoom Simulations: a fast, adaptive algorithm for simulating lightcones
摘要：
新一代大规模星系调查的出现正在将宇宙学数值模拟推向一个未知的领域。同时要求高分辨率和非常大的体积提出了严重的技术挑战，由于其计算和数据存储的需求。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的方法，称为动态缩放模拟-或DZS -开发来解决这些问题。我们的方法是专为生产光锥输出N体数值模拟，允许更有效的存储和后处理相比，标准的共动快照，更直接地模仿调查数据的格式。在DZS中，模拟的分辨率在光锥表面之外动态地降低，减少了计算工作量，同时保持了光锥和大尺度引力场内部的精度。我们表明，我们的方法可以实现几乎相同的结果，传统的模拟计算成本的一半，我们最大的盒子。我们还预测，对于更大和/或更高分辨率的模拟，这种加速将增加到5倍。我们评估的准确性的数值积分，通过比较对相同的模拟运行和无DZS。光锥晕质量函数、天空投影光锥和3D物质光锥的偏差始终保持在0.1%以下。总之，我们的研究结果表明，DZS技术可能提供一个非常有价值的工具，以解决技术挑战，将支持下一代大规模宇宙学模拟。
英文摘要：
The advent of a new generation of large-scale galaxy surveys is pushing cosmological numerical simulations in an uncharted territory. The simultaneous requirements of high resolution and very large volume pose serious technical challenges, due to their computational and data storage demand. In this paper, we present a novel approach dubbed Dynamic Zoom Simulations -- or DZS -- developed to tackle these issues. Our method is tailored to the production of lightcone outputs from N-body numerical simulations, which allow for a more efficient storage and post-processing compared to standard comoving snapshots, and more directly mimic the format of survey data. In DZS, the resolution of the simulation is dynamically decreased outside the lightcone surface, reducing the computational work load, while simultaneously preserving the accuracy inside the lightcone and the large-scale gravitational field. We show that our approach can achieve virtually identical results to traditional simulations at half of the computational cost for our largest box. We also forecast this speedup to increase up to a factor of 5 for larger and/or higher-resolution simulations. We assess the accuracy of the numerical integration by comparing pairs of identical simulations run with and without DZS. Deviations in the lightcone halo mass function, in the sky-projected lightcone, and in the 3D matter lightcone always remain below 0.1%. In summary, our results indicate that the DZS technique may provide a highly-valuable tool to address the technical challenges that will characterise the next generation of large-scale cosmological simulations.
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