热机械痛：生物组织中热耗散的信号作用
Thermo-mechanical pain: the signaling role of heat dissipation in biological tissues
摘要：
机械痛觉是保存生物体的重要过程，当给定的身体部位受到压力时，它可能会产生挽救生命的反射或决定。然而，其各种基本机制仍有待充分阐明。在这里，我们定量地讨论如何检测疼痛的机械刺激的人类中枢神经系统可能，部分依赖于热测量。事实上，身体中的大多数骨折，包括微观骨折，都会释放一些热量，这些热量会扩散到周围的组织中。通过这一物理过程，将异常温度转化为动作电位的热敏TRP蛋白对破坏性机械输入敏感。这些多模态受体在机械痛觉中的作用已被定期报道，我们在这里为热痛和机械痛之间的耦合提供了一个物理解释。特别是，在人类皮肤中，我们展示了破碎的胶原纤维的相邻神经突如何经历从几分之一到几十度的突然热升高。由于这种理论上的温度异常位于TRPV3和TRPV1阳离子通道的敏感性范围内，已知TRPV3和TRPV1阳离子通道在神经系统中触发动作电位，因此可以产生一定程度的机械性疼痛。
英文摘要：
Mechanical algesia is an important process for the preservation of living organisms, allowing potentially life-saving reflexes or decisions when given body parts are stressed. Yet, its various underlying mechanisms remain to be fully unravelled. Here, we quantitatively discuss how the detection of painful mechanical stimuli by the human central nervous system may, partly, rely on thermal measurements. Indeed, most fractures in a body, including microscopic ones, release some heat, which diffuses in the surrounding tissues. Through this physical process, the thermo-sensitive TRP proteins, that translate abnormal temperatures into action potentials, shall be sensitive to damaging mechanical inputs. The implication of these polymodal receptors in mechanical algesia has been regularly reported, and we here provide a physical explanation for the coupling between thermal and mechanical pain. In particular, in the human skin, we show how the neighbouring neurites of a broken collagen fiber can undergo a sudden thermal elevation that ranges from a fraction to tens of degrees. As this theoretical temperature anomaly lies in the sensibility range of the TRPV3 and TRPV1 cation channels, known to trigger action potentials in the neural system, a degree of mechanical pain can hence be generated.
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