利用偶极相互作用的三维自组装
Three-dimensional self-assembly using dipolar interaction
摘要：
偶极力之间的相互作用，例如永磁体，通常导致形成一维尺寸链和环。我们研究了是否有可能通过将偶极子封装在具有特定形状的外壳中来使其自组装成三维结构。我们发现，当平行态和反平行态的偶极子能量相等时，三维晶体自组装的条件得到满足。我们的实验表明，最规则的结构形成使用圆柱体和长方体，而不是由球体。这个简单的设计规则将帮助自组装社区从微米范围内的物体实现三维晶体，这为以前未知的超材料开辟了道路。
英文摘要：
Interaction between dipolar forces, such as permanent magnets, generally leads to the formation of one-dimensional chains and rings. We investigated whether it was possible to let dipoles self-assemble into three-dimensional structures by encapsulating them in a shell with a specific shape. We found that the condition for self-assembly of a three-dimensional crystal is satisfied when the energies of dipoles in the parallel and antiparallel states are equal. Our experiments show that the most regular structures are formed using cylinders and cuboids and not by spheroids. This simple design rule will help the self-assembly community to realize three-dimensional crystals from objects in the micrometer range, which opens up the way toward previously unknown metamaterials.
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