相干光学多普勒眼眶成像方法
Methods for coherent optical Doppler orbitography
摘要：
多普勒轨道测量法利用发射信号中的多普勒频移来确定卫星的轨道参数，包括距离和距离变化率（或径向速度）。我们描述了两种技术，用于大气限制的光学多普勒轨道测量的距离率。第一种方法直接从返回光信号的外差测量确定多普勒频移。第二个目标是提高精度的第一个通过抑制大气相位噪声印在传输的光信号。我们证明了每种技术的性能超过2.2公里的水平链路，在远端的模拟线速度多普勒频移。据估计，这种长度的水平链路所表现出的总积分大气湍流几乎是垂直链路的一半。在没有稳定大气影响的情况下，我们在1秒的积分时获得了17 μ m/s的估计距离变化率精度。通过对大气相位噪声的主动抑制，这提高了三个数量级，在1秒的积分时估计距离速率精度为9.0 nm/s，在60 s积分时估计距离速率精度为1.1 nm/s。这代表了四个数量级的改进，在相同的积分时间的距离速率精度方面的典型性能的操作地面空间X波段系统。该系统的性能是一个很有前途的相干光学多普勒轨道成像的概念证明。从地面到太空执行这些技术还面临许多额外的挑战，这些挑战在本文介绍的初步实验中没有得到解决。未来，我们的目标是朝着10公里的水平链路迈进，以复制预期的地面到空间链路的大气湍流。
英文摘要：
Doppler orbitography uses the Doppler shift in a transmitted signal to determine the orbital parameters of satellites including range and range-rate (or radial velocity). We describe two techniques for atmospheric-limited optical Doppler orbitography measurements of range-rate. The first determines the Doppler shift directly from a heterodyne measurement of the returned optical signal. The second aims to improve the precision of the first by suppressing atmospheric phase noise imprinted on the transmitted optical signal. We demonstrate the performance of each technique over a 2.2 km horizontal link with a simulated in-line velocity Doppler shift at the far end. A horizontal link of this length has been estimated to exhibit nearly half the total integrated atmospheric turbulence of a vertical link to space. Without stabilisation of the atmospheric effects, we obtained an estimated range rate precision of 17 um/s at 1 s of integration. With active suppression of atmospheric phase noise, this improved by three orders-of-magnitude to an estimated range rate precision of 9.0 nm/s at 1 second of integration, and 1.1 nm/s when integrated over a 60 s. This represents four orders-of-magnitude improvement over the typical performance of operational ground to space X-Band systems in terms of range-rate precision at the same integration time. The performance of this system is a promising proof of concept for coherent optical Doppler orbitography. There are many additional challenges associated with performing these techniques from ground to space, that were not captured within the preliminary experiments presented here. In the future, we aim to progress towards a 10 km horizontal link to replicate the expected atmospheric turbulence for a ground to space link.
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