减少放射性对地下深处设施中的量子线路的影响
Reducing the impact of radioactivity on quantum circuits in a deep-underground facility
摘要：
随着超导电路的量子相干性时间从纳秒级增加到数百微秒级，它们是目前量子信息处理的主要平台之一。然而，相干性需要进一步提高几个数量级，以减少当前纠错方案的过高的硬件开销。要达到这一目标，关键在于降低破裂的库珀对（即所谓的准粒子）的密度。在这里，我们表明，环境放射性是一个重要的非平衡准粒子的来源。此外，电离辐射在同一芯片上的谐振器中引入时间相关的准粒子爆发，进一步使量子纠错复杂化。在地下深处铅屏蔽的低温恒温器中运行，准粒子爆发率降低了50倍，耗散降低了4倍，这表明了未来固态量子硬件中减少辐射的重要性。
英文摘要：
As quantum coherence times of superconducting circuits have increased from nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, they are currently one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing. However, coherence needs to further improve by orders of magnitude to reduce the prohibitive hardware overhead of current error correction schemes. Reaching this goal hinges on reducing the density of broken Cooper pairs, so-called quasiparticles. Here, we show that environmental radioactivity is a significant source of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. Moreover, ionizing radiation introduces time-correlated quasiparticle bursts in resonators on the same chip, further complicating quantum error correction. Operating in a deep-underground lead-shielded cryostat decreases the quasiparticle burst rate by a factor fifty and reduces dissipation up to a factor four, showcasing the importance of radiation abatement in future solid-state quantum hardware.
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