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arXiv 2005.01826cond-mat.quant-gasphysics.atom-ph
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二维管阵列中自旋不平衡的超冷费米气体

Spin-imbalanced ultracold Fermi gases in a two-dimensional array of tubes

Bhuvanesh Sundar, Jacob A. Fry, Melissa C. Revelle, Randall G. Hulet, Kaden R. A. Hazzard

摘要:

受最近实验的启发[Revelle等人,Phys. Rev. Lett. 117,235301(2016)]描述了二维隧道耦合管阵列中捕获的$^6$ Li原子的自旋不平衡超冷气体中的一维到三维交叉,我们使用Hartree-Fock Bogoliubov-de Gennes平均场论计算了该系统的相图,并将结果与实验数据进行了比较。平均场论预言了均匀系统中完全自旋极化的正常相、部分自旋极化的正常相、自旋极化的超流相和自旋平衡的超流相。本文用局域密度近似方法得到了谐振势阱中气体的密度分布。我们将这些计算与Revelle { \em et al.}以及此前未公布的数据。我们的计算定性同意实验测得的密度和坐标的陷阱中的相界,并在中等到大的极化与实验测量定量同意。我们的计算还再现了实验观察到的普遍缩放的相边界为不同的散射长度在一个固定值的缩放管间隧穿。然而,我们的计算在低偏振下与实验测量存在定量差异,并且未能捕获实验中观察到的一维到三维交叉的重要特征。这表明了物理学超平均场论在实验中的重要作用。我们希望我们的数值结果将有助于未来的实验在缩小搜索的FFLO阶段。

英文摘要:

Motivated by a recent experiment [Revelle et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 235301 (2016)] that characterized the one- to three-dimensional crossover in a spin-imbalanced ultracold gas of $^6$Li atoms trapped in a two-dimensional array of tunnel-coupled tubes, we calculate the phase diagram for this system using Hartree-Fock Bogoliubov-de Gennes mean-field theory, and compare the results with experimental data. Mean-field theory predicts fully spin-polarized normal, partially spin-polarized normal, spin-polarized superfluid, and spin-balanced superfluid phases in a homogeneous system. We use the local density approximation to obtain density profiles of the gas in a harmonic trap. We compare these calculations with experimental measurements in Revelle {\em et al.} as well as previously unpublished data. Our calculations qualitatively agree with experimentally-measured densities and coordinates of the phase boundaries in the trap, and quantitatively agree with experimental measurements at moderate-to-large polarizations. Our calculations also reproduce the experimentally-observed universal scaling of the phase boundaries for different scattering lengths at a fixed value of scaled inter-tube tunneling. However, our calculations have quantitative differences with experimental measurements at low polarization, and fail to capture important features of the one- to three-dimensional crossover observed in experiments. These suggest the important role of physics beyond-mean-field theory in the experiments. We expect that our numerical results will aid future experiments in narrowing the search for the FFLO phase.

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