纠缠量子元胞自动机、物理复杂性和Goldilocks规则
Entangled quantum cellular automata, physical complexity, and Goldilocks rules
摘要：
元胞自动机是一种相互作用的经典比特，它表现出从分形到随机数生成器再到图灵完备计算的各种涌现行为。我们发现，量子元胞自动机（QCA）可以表现出复杂性的意义上的复杂性科学，描述生物学，社会学和经济学。当QCA在我们通过平衡活动和停滞定义的“金发女孩规则”下进化时，QCA表现出复杂性。我们的Goldilocks规则生成强大的动力学特征（纠缠呼吸），网络结构和动力学与复杂性一致，以及持续的熵波动。当今的实验平台--里德伯阵列、捕获离子和超导量子比特--可以实现我们的金发姑娘协议，使复杂性科学与我们的QCA所揭示的量子计算之间的联系变得可测试。
英文摘要：
Cellular automata are interacting classical bits that display diverse emergent behaviors, from fractals to random-number generators to Turing-complete computation. We discover that quantum cellular automata (QCA) can exhibit complexity in the sense of the complexity science that describes biology, sociology, and economics. QCA exhibit complexity when evolving under "Goldilocks rules" that we define by balancing activity and stasis. Our Goldilocks rules generate robust dynamical features (entangled breathers), network structure and dynamics consistent with complexity, and persistent entropy fluctuations. Present-day experimental platforms -- Rydberg arrays, trapped ions, and superconducting qubits -- can implement our Goldilocks protocols, making testable the link between complexity science and quantum computation exposed by our QCA.
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