Gamma-ray针对新机会的紧急归档程序（GUANO）：Swift/BAT事件数据按需转储，以启用敏感的亚阈值GRB搜索
Gamma-ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities (GUANO): Swift/BAT event data dumps on demand to enable sensitive sub-threshold GRB searches
摘要：
我们介绍了尼尔Gehrels斯威夫特天文台的一个新的能力，提供事件数据的突发警报望远镜（BAT）的需求，以响应其他仪器检测到的瞬变。由于遥测负荷大，这些事件数据并不连续可用，但对于恢复船上未触发的弱或亚阈值GRB至关重要，例如GW检测到的离轴双星中子星合并的可能对应物。我们表明，事件数据的可用性可以有效地提高检测率，弧分钟定位，GRB 170817类爆发的> 400%。我们描述了一个航天器指挥管道的目的，使这门科学;据我们所知，第一个完全自主的极低延迟指挥空间望远镜的科学目的。自2020年初以来，该管道已成功以完整的形式运行，迄今为止已恢复了超过700个外部触发事件（GW，中微子，其他设施触发的GRB，FRB）的BAT事件数据，目前成功率约为90%。我们通过使用所得数据来验证此新功能的效用，以（1）设置$8.1\times10^{-8}$ erg cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$的最敏感（8 sigma）上限（14-195 keV）在未建模GW爆发候选者S200114 f的$\pm$ 15 s内的提示1 s持续时间短GRB样发射，（2）为短GRB 200325 A和其它爆发提供角分定位。我们表明，使用数据从GUANO本地化在其他地方发现的伽玛暴，我们可以增加10-20%，每年的角分本地化伽玛暴的净率。除了对阈下伽玛射线暴进行更灵敏搜索的科学成果外，为该项目设计的新能力将使雨燕能够进一步实现快速反应的机会目标能力，并对未来快速反应空间望远镜的设计产生影响。
英文摘要：
We introduce a new capability of the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, to provide event data from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on demand in response to transients detected by other instruments. These event data are not continuously available due to the large telemetry load, but are critical to recovering weak or sub-threshold GRBs that are not triggered onboard, such as the likely counterparts to GW-detected off-axis binary neutron star mergers. We show that the availability of event data can effectively increase the rate of detections, and arcminute localizations, of GRB 170817-like bursts by >400%. We describe a spacecraft commanding pipeline purpose built to enable this science; to our knowledge the first fully autonomous extremely-low-latency commanding of a space telescope for scientific purposes. This pipeline has been successfully run in its complete form since early 2020, and has resulted in the recovery of BAT event data for >700 externally triggered events to date (GWs, neutrinos, GRBs triggered by other facilities, FRBs), now running with a success rate of ~90%. We exemplify the utility of this new capability by using the resultant data to (1) set the most sensitive (8 sigma) upper limits of $8.1\times10^{-8}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (14-195 keV) on prompt 1s duration short GRB-like emission within $\pm$ 15s of the unmodelled GW burst candidate S200114f, and (2) provide arcminute localizations for short GRB 200325A and other bursts. We show that using data from GUANO to localize GRBs discovered elsewhere, we can increase the net rate of arcminute localized GRBs by 10-20% per year. Along with the scientific yield of more sensitive searches for sub-threshold GRBs, the new capabilities designed for this project will enable further rapid response Target of Opportunity capabilities for Swift, and have implications for the design of future rapid-response space telescopes.
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