高导电间隔TiO $_2$纳米管实现具有纳米晶体Nb $_2$ O $_5$的限定的保形涂层和高性能超级电容器应用
Highly Conducting Spaced TiO$_2$ Nanotubes Enable Defined Conformal Coating with Nanocrystalline Nb$_2$O$_5$ and High Performance Supercapacitor Applications
摘要：
在这项工作中，我们报告的电化学行为的氮化间隔TiO $_2$纳米管共形涂覆纳米晶Nb $_2$ O $_5$层，并发现这些层次结构的一个优秀的超级电容器性能。通过三步工艺获得高度对准的导电1D电极：i）具有限定和可调节的管间间距的自组织纳米管的生长，ii）管间隙中的共形Nb $_2$ O $_5$装饰（同时提供对整个活性区域的完全电解质接入），以及iii）高温氮化。关键是具有规则的管-管间距的纳米管阵列的生长，其使得能够用诸如Nb $_2$ O $_5$的第二材料进行优化的装饰。我们观察到电极电容从裸TiO $_2$ NT的158 $μ$ F cm-2增加到TiO $_2$ /Nb $_2$ O $_5$ NT的1536 $μ$ F cm-2，最终增加到Nb $_2$ O $_5$修饰然后氮化的纳米管的37 mF cm-2。这种急剧增加首先归因于在管阵列之间建立的限定间距，其然后允许具有二次活性涂层的保形涂层。其次，氮化导致整个支架的电子电导率急剧增加，从而降低电阻损耗。
英文摘要：
In this work, we report on the electrochemical behavior of nitrided spaced TiO$_2$ nanotubes conformally coated with a nanocrystalline Nb$_2$O$_5$ layer and find for these hierarchical structures an excellent supercapacitor performance. Highly aligned conductive 1D electrodes were obtained by a three step process: i) growth of self-organized nanotubes with defined and adjustable intertube spacing, ii) conformal Nb$_2$O$_5$ decoration in the tube interspace (while providing full electrolyte access to the entire active area), and iii) high temperature nitridation. Key is the growth of a nanotube array with regular tube-to-tube interspacing that enables an optimized decoration with secondary materials such as Nb$_2$O$_5$. We observe an increase in electrode capacitance from 158 $μ$F cm-2 for bare TiO$_2$ NTs, to 1536 $μ$F cm-2 for TiO$_2$/Nb$_2$O$_5$ NTs, to finally 37 mF cm-2 for Nb$_2$O$_5$ decorated and then nitrided nanotubes. This drastic increase can be ascribed firstly to the defined spacing established between the tube arrays that then allows for a conformal coating with a secondary active coating. Secondly, nitridation causes a drastic increase of the electron conductivity of the entire scaffold and thus reduces resistive losses.
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