开发了一个三维Monte Carlo Ly-alpha辐射转移(RT)程序LaRT,用于研究Ly-alpha RT和Wouthuysen-Field(WF)效应。使用该代码,我们计算的多相星际介质(ISM),特别强调在低密度气体的Ly-alpha辐射的线轮廓。我们表明WF效应是在行动:线轮廓的中心部分往往接近普朗克函数的一个小切片的色温等于气体的动力学温度,即使在一个系统的光学厚度低至τ_0 ~100-500。我们还研究了ISM的湍流运动对出射Ly-alpha光谱和色温的影响。湍流运动使出射光谱展宽,但在典型的天体物理环境中,色温不受湍流运动的影响。我们利用两个多相ISM模型,适合太阳附近,计算中性氢的21厘米自旋温度,包括激发通过Ly-alpha共振散射。第一个ISM模型是一个简单的clussians模型,而第二个是一个自洽的磁流体力学模拟模型,使用TIGRESS框架。来自H II区域和碰撞冷却气体的Ly-alpha光子被考虑在内。我们发现,Ly-alpha辐射场是,在一般情况下,可能是强大到足以使21厘米的温暖中性介质的自旋温度接近的动力学温度。在我们的ISM模型中,Ly-alpha的逃逸分数估计为~7- 20%。
英文摘要:
A three-dimensional Monte Carlo Ly-alpha radiative transfer (RT) code, named LaRT, is developed to study the Ly-alpha RT and the Wouthuysen-Field (WF) effect. Using the code, we calculate the line profile of Ly-alpha radiation within the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), with a particular emphasis on gas at low densities. We show that the WF effect is in action: the central portion of the line profile tends to approach a small slice of the Planck function with a color temperature equal to the kinetic temperature of the gas, even in a system with an optical thickness as low as tau_0~100-500. We also investigate the effects of the turbulent motion of the ISM on the emergent Ly-alpha spectrum and color temperature. The turbulent motion broadens, as generally expected, the emergent spectrum, but the color temperature is not affected by the turbulent motion in typical astrophysical environments. We utilize two multiphase ISM models, appropriate for the vicinity of the Sun, to calculate the 21-cm spin temperature of neutral hydrogen, including excitation via the Ly-alpha resonant scattering. The first ISM model is a simple clumpy model, while the second is a self-consistent magnetohydrodynamics simulation model using the TIGRESS framework. Ly-alpha photons originating from both H II regions and the collisionally cooling gas are taken into account. We find that the Ly-alpha radiation field is, in general, likely to be strong enough to bring the 21-cm spin temperature of the warm neutral medium close to the kinetic temperature. The escape fraction of Ly-alpha in our ISM models is estimated to be ~7-20%.
Lyman-alpha line and continuum radiative transfer in a clumpy interstellar medium
目的:我们的目标是研究非均匀星际介质(ISM)对星暴星系中莱曼α(Lya)线的强度和形状的影响。研究方法:利用我们的三维Monte Carlo Lya辐射传输程序,研究了Lya、紫外和光学连续谱光子在中性氢和尘埃的均匀壳层和团壳层中围绕中心源的辐射转移。我们的模拟预测的Lya和连续逃逸分数,Lya等效宽度EW(Lya),Lya线的轮廓和它们的依赖于气体的几何形状和主要的输入物理参数。结果如下:ISM的块状被发现有强烈的影响Lya线辐射转移,需要一个强烈的依赖性Lya线的紧急功能(逃逸分数,EW(Lya))的ISM形态。虽然cloudies和灰尘ISM出现更透明的辐射(线和连续)相比,一个相等的均匀ISM的相等的灰尘光学深度,我们发现,Lya光子,在一般情况下,仍然比紫外线连续辐射衰减。因此,观察到的Lya等效宽度(EWobs(Lya))是低于本征的(EWint(Lya)),几乎所有的clusionism配置考虑。然而,在特殊条件下,Lya光子比连续体更容易逃逸,从而导致增强的EWobs(Lya)。要实现这一点,需要ISM几乎是静止的(星系外流速度小于200 km/s),极其稠密(在HI中,星系团和星系团间介质的密度差大于10^7),并且尘埃非常多(E(B-V)> 0.30)。当满足这些条件时,出现的Lya线轮廓显示没有速度移动和小的不对称性。考虑到不对称性和速度的变化,通常观察到的…
The Circumgalactic Medium of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: Resolved Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Modeling of Spatially Extended Lyman-alpha Emission in the KBSS-KCWI Survey
本研究通过 KCWI 积分场观测和辐射转移模拟,揭示了 z~2 极端发射线星系中延展 Lyα 发射的径向变化,提出团块状多相外流模型,调和了外流速度测量,并指出非径向运动和外晕 HI 柱密度变化。