量子极权性质与精确对称性
The Quantum Totalitarian Property and Exact Symmetries
AI总结：
本研究论证量子对称性在波函数各分支而非仅平均意义上精确成立，指出这要求量子极权性质成立、经典测量装置概念不成立，且经典原理应逐分支扩展至量子领域。
摘要：
我们讨论了一个在文献中时常受到质疑的观点：所有对称性（例如由能量和动量守恒定律导出的对称性）在量子物理中并非如某些说法那样仅“在平均意义上”成立，而是在波函数的每个“分支”中都精确成立，这一结论是在守恒可观测量具有确定值的基矢下表述的。我们指出，若要守恒定律在此意义下（而非仅平均意义上）对量子系统精确成立，必须假定所谓的“量子理论的极权性质”，即任何能够测量量子可观测量的系统本身必须是量子化的。因此，若守恒定律要精确成立，“经典测量装置”（即不遵循分支结构的装置）的概念是站不住脚的。我们还指出，任何其他在经典物理中具有明确定义表述的原理（例如等效原理），也应以完全相同的方式即逐分支地扩展到量子领域。
英文摘要：
We discuss a point, which from time to time has been doubted in the literature: all symmetries, such as those induced by the energy and momentum conservation laws, hold in quantum physics not just "on average", as is sometimes claimed, but exactly in each "branch" of the wavefunction, expressed in the basis where the conserved observable is sharp. We note that for conservation laws to hold exactly for quantum systems in this sense (not just on average), it is necessary to assume the so-called "totalitarian property of quantum theory", namely that any system capable of measuring a quantum observable must itself be quantised. Hence, if conservation laws are to hold exactly, the idea of a `classical measuring apparatus' (i.e., not subject to the branching structure) is untenable. We also point out that any other principle having a well-defined formulation within classical physics, such as the Equivalence principle, is also to be extended to the quantum domain in exactly the same way, i.e., branch by branch.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
