基于高阶基量子的多光子多维超纠缠及其在量子计算、QKD和量子隐形传态中的应用
Multi-Photon, Multi-Dimensional Hyper-Entanglement using Higher-Order Radix qudits with Applications to Quantum Computing, QKD and Quantum Teleportation
摘要：
谷歌最近宣布，他们已经用53个量子比特（base-2 binaries或radix-2）实现了量子霸权，对应于253维（约1016）的计算状态空间。谷歌声称在他们的量子处理器上执行200秒的计算，而在经典超级计算机上需要1万年才能完成[1]。然而，实现53个量子比特的叠加和纠缠并不是一件容易的事情，因为环境噪声会使量子比特去相干。在本文中，我们声称可以使用更少的量子位（不是量子位）实现类似的计算维度，其中每个量子位具有更高的基数（大于2），使用光子系统（即16个量子位，基数为-10）。本文是行业和NxGen合作伙伴之间的合作开发，旨在探索这种方法。雷神公司有一种技术，它使用自由空间光学（FSO）法布里-珀罗标准具，消除了对自适应光学的需要[2，3]。NxGen技术使用多个轨道角动量（OAM）模式作为量子计算和多维QKD的新自由度[4-7]。我们还认为，宽带、保密通信、量子计算和量子隐形传态的融合只有在光子学实现中才是可能的。因此，光子量子的使用允许量子隐形传态的安全性和容量的扩展超出中国Micius量子卫星所实现的[8]。国防和商业计算行业都需要这样的量子计算系统。引入了一种新的测量方法，包括计算状态空间维度、高保真操作、高连通性、大型校准门集和电路重写工具链。我们称之为量子容量的新度量是衡量和比较通用量子计算机改进系统结构进展的一种实用方法。
英文摘要：
Google recently announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy with 53 qubits (base-2 binaries or radix-2), corresponding to a computational state-space of dimension 253 (about 1016). Google claimed to perform computations that took 200 seconds on their quantum processor that would have taken 10,000 years to accomplish on a classical supercomputer [1]. However, achieving superposition and entanglement of 53 qubits is not an easy task given the environmental noise that decoheres the qubits. In this paper, we claim that one can potentially achieve a similar computational dimension with fewer qudits (not qubits) where each qudit is of a higher radix (greater than 2) using a photonics system (i.e. 16 qudits with radix-10). This paper is a collaborative development between industry and NxGen Partners to explore such an approach. There is a Raytheon technology that uses a Free-Space Optical (FSO) Fabry-Perot Etalon that eliminates the need for adaptive optics [2, 3]. The NxGen technology uses multiple Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes as a new degree of freedom for quantum computing and a multi-dimensional QKD [4-7]. We also claim that the convergence of both broadband, secure communications, quantum computing and quantum teleportation is only possible in a photonics realization. Therefore, the use of photonic qudits allows the extension of security and capacity of the quantum teleportation beyond what was achieved by Chinese Micius quantum satellite [8]. Both the defense and commercial computing industries need such quantum computing systems. A new measure is introduced with computational state-space dimension, high-fidelity operations, high connectivity, large calibrated gate sets, and circuit rewriting toolchains. This new measure which we call quantum capacity is a practical way to measure and compare progress toward improved system structure of a universal quantum computer.
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