中子星暗物质捕获的改进处理
Improved Treatment of Dark Matter Capture in Neutron Stars
摘要：
中子星为研究暗物质粒子的性质及其相互作用提供了一个宇宙实验室。暗物质可以通过散射被中子星捕获，其中动能被转移到恒星。这可能会产生许多观测结果，例如将旧的中子星加热到红外线温度。捕获过程的先前处理采用了各种近似或简化。我们在这里提出了一个改进的治疗暗物质捕获，有效的广泛的暗物质质量范围内，正确地纳入所有相关的物理效应。这些包括引力聚焦，完全相对论散射处理，泡利阻塞，中子星不透明度和多次散射效应。我们提供的一般表达式，使精确的捕获率进行数值计算，并推导出简化的表达式，是有效的特定的相互作用类型或质量制度，大大提高了计算效率。我们的形式适用于任何中子星成分的暗物质的散射，或在其他紧凑的对象中的暗物质的捕获。
英文摘要：
Neutron stars provide a cosmic laboratory to study the nature of dark matter particles and their interactions. Dark matter can be captured by neutron stars via scattering, where kinetic energy is transferred to the star. This can have a number of observational consequences, such as the heating of old neutron stars to infra-red temperatures. Previous treatments of the capture process have employed various approximation or simplifications. We present here an improved treatment of dark matter capture, valid for a wide dark matter mass range, that correctly incorporates all relevant physical effects. These include gravitational focusing, a fully relativistic scattering treatment, Pauli blocking, neutron star opacity and multi-scattering effects. We provide general expressions that enable the exact capture rate to be calculated numerically, and derive simplified expressions that are valid for particular interaction types or mass regimes and that greatly increase the computational efficiency. Our formalism is applicable to the scattering of dark matter from any neutron star constituents, or to the capture of dark matter in other compact objects.
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