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arXiv 2004.14481hep-ph
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低相对论能区电子-电子散射中自旋-统计联系的可能破坏

Possible violation of spin-statistics connection in electron-electron scattering at low relativistic energies

R. N. Sen

摘要:

1954年,Ashkin、Page和Woodward(以下简称APW)报道了第一个测量低相对论能量(0.6-1.7 MeV)下电子-电子和电子-正电子散射截面的计数器实验。他们的目的是寻找莫勒和巴巴公式预测的自旋和交换或虚湮灭效应。他们的实验证实了这些效应,但在0.61 MeV下测量的横截面明显小于他们的预测值。作者评论说,这些偏差“可能是由于多重散射”。然而,仔细阅读Page(1950)和Ashkin(1952)未发表的论文,Page的信(1951)和APW的论文,没有发现0.61 MeV多重散射的可靠证据;如果有的话,证据规则反对多重散射。如果多重散射被排除,观测结果可能表明偏离量子电动力学。这种偏离可能是由于非库仑中心力,自旋统计联系的减弱,或两者兼而有之。只有实验才能告诉这些可能性中的哪一个是正确的,因此我们建议在不同的能量(0.4-1.0 MeV)和不同的散射角下进行新的电子-电子散射实验,以及多次散射的特定测试。我们认为非库仑中心力是非常不可能的,并提出假设,一小部分电子对散射为自旋零费米子(这将降低观察到的横截面)。数值计算表明,即使他在1950年实现的准确性几乎没有提高,该假设也可以在佩奇类型的实验中进行定量测试。

英文摘要:

In 1954, Ashkin, Page and Woodward (hereafter APW) reported on the first counter experiments to measure the electron-electron and electron-positron scattering cross-sections at low relativistic energies (0.6-1.7 MeV). Their aim was to look for the spin and exchange or virtual annihilation effects predicted by the Moller and Bhabha formulae. Their experiments confirmed these effects, but the measured cross-sections at 0.61 MeV were significantly smaller than their predicted values. The authors remarked that these deviations were `presumably due to multiple scattering'. However, careful reading of the unpublished theses of Page (1950) and Ashkin (1952), Page's letter (1951) and the APW paper reveals no credible evidence of multiple scattering at 0.61 MeV; if anything, the evidence rules against multiple scattering. If multiple scattering is ruled out, the observations may indicate a departure from quantum electrodynamics. This departure may be due to a non-Coulomb central force, a weakening of the spin-statistics connection, or both. Only experiment can tell which of these possibilities holds true, and therefore we suggest the new electron-electron scattering experiments be carried out at different energies (at 0.4-1.0 MeV) and different scattering angles, as well as specific tests for multiple scattering. We consider a non-Coulomb central force to be very unlikely, and advance the hypothesis that a fraction of the electron pairs scatter as spin-zero fermions (which would lower the observed cross-section). Numerical calculations show that the hypothesis may be tested quantitatively in a Page-type experiment, even with little improvement in the accuracy he achieved in 1950.

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