逾越潜在障碍：流体记忆对抗热波动在粒子运输中的作用
Surmounting potential barriers: hydrodynamic memory hedges against thermal fluctuations in particle transport
AI总结：
研究探讨了在有限温度下BBO粒子在不规则势场中的运输行为，发现中间温度下粒子运输被完全抑制，而高温和低温下可能实现运动，流体记忆通过维持初始动量缓解这一效应。
摘要：
最近，受控粒子实验探测了布朗运动的瞬时速度，揭示在早期时间，流体历史力主导斯托克斯阻尼。在这些实验中，非均匀粒子运动可通过Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen（BBO）方程良好描述，该方程在低雷诺数下捕捉到非稳态Basset历史力。基于这些结果，我们先前证明在低温下，BBO粒子可利用流体惯性克服潜在障碍（一般建模为倾斜的波浪板），而其Langevin对应物则不能。在此，我们探讨了BBO粒子在有限温度下的行为。令人惊讶的是，我们发现将粒子注入具有足够高障碍的不规则势场中，在中间温度下粒子运输可被完全抑制，而在该温度窗口以上和以下可能实现运动。这一效应存在于Langevin和BBO动力学中，尽管它们发生在截然不同的温度范围内。此外，流体记忆通过维持初始粒子动量缓解这些效应，即使在困难的中间温度范围内。
英文摘要：
Recently, trapped-particle experiments have probed the instantaneous velocity of Brownian motion revealing that, at early times, hydrodynamic history forces dominate Stokes damping. In these experiments, nonuniform particle motion is well described by the Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen (BBO) equation, which captures the unsteady Basset history force at low Reynolds number. Building off of these results, earlier we showed that, at low temperature, BBO particles could exploit fluid inertia in order to overcome potential barriers (generically modeled as a tilted washboard) while its Langevin counter-part could not. Here, we explore the behavior of BBO particles at finite temperature. Remarkably, we find that the transport of particles injected into a bumpy potential with sufficiently high barriers can be completely quenched at intermediate temperatures, whereas itinerancy may be possible above and below that temperature window. This effect is present for both Langevin and BBO dynamics, though these occur over drastically different temperature ranges. Furthermore, hydrodynamic memory mitigates these effects by sustaining initial particle momentum, even in the difficult intermediate temperature regime.
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