COVID-19使全球CO2排放量创纪录下降
COVID-19 causes record decline in global CO2 emissions
摘要：
COVID-19疫情期间人类活动大幅停止，影响全球能源使用及二氧化碳排放。在此，我们显示，与去年同期相比，2020年1月至4月全球化石二氧化碳排放量前所未有地减少了7.8%（9.38亿吨二氧化碳，2-σ不确定性为+6.8%）。除了基于每月能源供应或估计参数的其他新出现的COVID影响估计之外，这项研究还有助于根据发电活动构建近实时每日CO2排放清单的另一个步骤（29个国家），工业（73个国家），公路运输（406个城市）、航空和海运以及商业和住宅部门的排放量（206个国家）。该等估计将CO2因COVID-19而导致的下降与每日、每周及季节性变化以及假日事件区分开来。与COVID相关的道路运输二氧化碳排放量减少（3.404亿吨二氧化碳，-15.5%），电力（2.925亿吨二氧化碳，与2019年相比下降6.4%），工业（1.362亿吨二氧化碳，-4.4%），航空（9280万吨二氧化碳，-28.9%），住宅（4340万吨二氧化碳，-2.7%）和国际航运（3590万吨二氧化碳，-15%）。从区域来看，中国的降幅最大也最早（2.345亿吨二氧化碳，-6.9%），其次是欧洲（欧盟-27和英国）（1.383亿吨二氧化碳，-12.0%）和美国（1.624亿吨二氧化碳，-9.5%）。CO2的下降与卫星和地面网络观测到的区域氮氧化物浓度一致，但计算出的排放量下降信号（约1Gt CO2）对过度服务的全球CO2浓度影响不大（到2020年4月30日小于0.13ppm）。然而，随着中国二氧化碳的快速恢复和全球部分重新开放，我们的研究结果表明，对二氧化碳排放的长期影响是未知的，应该使用多种措施仔细监测。
英文摘要：
The considerable cessation of human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected global energy use and CO2 emissions. Here we show the unprecedented decrease in global fossil CO2 emissions from January to April 2020 was of 7.8% (938 Mt CO2 with a +6.8% of 2-σ uncertainty) when compared with the period last year. In addition other emerging estimates of COVID impacts based on monthly energy supply or estimated parameters, this study contributes to another step that constructed the near-real-time daily CO2 emission inventories based on activity from power generation (for 29 countries), industry (for 73 countries), road transportation (for 406 cities), aviation and maritime transportation and commercial and residential sectors emissions (for 206 countries). The estimates distinguished the decline of CO2 due to COVID-19 from the daily, weekly and seasonal variations as well as the holiday events. The COVID-related decreases in CO2 emissions in road transportation (340.4 Mt CO2, -15.5%), power (292.5 Mt CO2, -6.4% compared to 2019), industry (136.2 Mt CO2, -4.4%), aviation (92.8 Mt CO2, -28.9%), residential (43.4 Mt CO2, -2.7%), and international shipping (35.9Mt CO2, -15%). Regionally, decreases in China were the largest and earliest (234.5 Mt CO2,-6.9%), followed by Europe (EU-27 & UK) (138.3 Mt CO2, -12.0%) and the U.S. (162.4 Mt CO2, -9.5%). The declines of CO2 are consistent with regional nitrogen oxides concentrations observed by satellites and ground-based networks, but the calculated signal of emissions decreases (about 1Gt CO2) will have little impacts (less than 0.13ppm by April 30, 2020) on the overserved global CO2 concertation. However, with observed fast CO2 recovery in China and partial re-opening globally, our findings suggest the longer-term effects on CO2 emissions are unknown and should be carefully monitored using multiple measures.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
