In this paper we extend a recent idea of formulating and regularizing inverse problems as minimization problems, so without using a forward operator, thus avoiding explicit evaluation of a parameter-to-state map. We do so by rephrasing three application examples in this minimization form, namely (a) electrical impedance tomography with the complete electrode model (b) identification of a nonlinear magnetic permeability from magnetic flux measurements (c) localization of sound sources from microphone array measurements. To establish convergence of the proposed regularization approach for these problems, we first of all extend the existing theory. In particular, we take advantage of the fact that observations are finite dimensional here, so that inversion of the noisy data can to some extent be done separately, using a right inverse of the observation operator. This new approach is actually applicable to a wide range of real world problems.
In this paper we the formulation of inverse problems as constrained minimization problems and their iterative solution by gradient or Newton type. We carry out a convergence analysis in the sense of regularization methods and discuss applicability to the problem of identifying the spatially varying diffusivity in an elliptic PDE from different sets of observations. Among these is a novel hybrid imaging techology known as impedance acoustic tomography, for which we provide numerical experiments.
We consider the Adaptive Regularization with Cubics approach for solving nonconvex optimization problems and propose a new variant based on inexact Hessian information chosen dynamically. The theoretical analysis of the proposed procedure is given. The key property of ARC framework, constituted by optimal worst-case function/derivative evaluation bounds for first- and second-order critical point, is guaranteed. Application to large-scale finite-sum minimization based on subsampled Hessian is discussed and analyzed in both a deterministic and probabilistic manner and equipped with numerical exp…
This paper deals with regularized Newton methods, a flexible class of unconstrained optimization algorithms that is competitive with line search and trust region methods and potentially combines attractive elements of both. The particular focus is on combining regularization with limited memory quasi-Newton methods by exploiting the special structure of limited memory algorithms. Global convergence of regularization methods is shown under mild assumptions and the details of regularized limited memory quasi-Newton updates are discussed including their compact representations. Numerical results …
We propose and investigate efficient numerical methods for inverse problems related to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Our goal is to extend the recent convergence results for the Landweber-Kaczmarz method obtained in [Haltmeier, Leitao, Scherzer 2007], in order to derive a convergent iterative regularization method for an inverse problem in MRI.
We analyze sparse frame based regularization of inverse problems by means of a diagonal frame decomposition (DFD) for the forward operator, which generalizes the SVD. The DFD allows to define a non-iterative (direct) operator-adapted frame thresholding approach which we show to provide a convergent regularization method with linear convergence rates. These results will be compared to the well-known analysis and synthesis variants of sparse $\ell^1$-regularization which are usually implemented thorough iterative schemes. If the frame is a basis (non-redundant case), the three versions of sparse…
In this paper we consider new regularization methods for linear inverse problems of dynamic type. These methods are based on dynamic programming techniques for linear quadratic optimal control problems. Two different approaches are followed: a continuous and a discrete one. We prove regularization properties and also obtain rates of convergence for the methods derived from both approaches. A numerical example concerning the dynamic EIT problem is used to illustrate the theoretical results.
In this paper, we consider the asymptotical regularization with convex constraints for nonlinear ill-posed problems. The method allows to use non-smooth penalty terms, including the L1-like and the total variation-like penalty functionals, which are significant in reconstructing special features of solutions such as sparsity and piecewise constancy. Under certain conditions we give convergence properties of the methods. Moreover, we propose Runge-Kutta type methods to discrete the initial value problems to construct new type iterative regularization methods.
Building on the well-known total-variation (TV), this paper develops a general regularization technique based on nonlinear isotropic diffusion (NID) for inverse problems with piecewise smooth solutions. The novelty of our approach is to be adaptive (we speak of A-NID) i.e. the regularization varies during the iterates in order to incorporate prior information on the edges, deal with the evolution of the reconstruction and circumvent the limitations due to the non-convexity of the proposed functionals. After a detailed analysis of the convergence and well-posedness of the method, this latter is…
The characteristic feature of inverse problems is their instability with respect to data perturbations. In order to stabilize the inversion process, regularization methods have to be developed and applied. In this work we introduce and analyze the concept of filtered diagonal frame decomposition which extends the standard filtered singular value decomposition to the frame case. Frames as generalized singular system allows to better adapt to a given class of potential solutions. In this paper, we show that filtered diagonal frame decomposition yield a convergent regularization method. Moreover,…
These lecture notes for a graduate class present the regularization theory for linear and nonlinear ill-posed operator equations in Hilbert spaces. Covered are the general framework of regularization methods and their analysis via spectral filters as well as the concrete examples of Tikhonov regularization, Landweber iteration, regularization by discretization for linear inverse problems. In the nonlinear setting, Tikhonov regularization and iterative regularization (Landweber, Levenberg-Marquardt, and iteratively regularized Gauß-Newton methods) are discussed. The necessary background from fu…
Deep learning based reconstruction methods deliver outstanding results for solving inverse problems and are therefore becoming increasingly important. A recently invented class of learning-based reconstruction methods is the so-called NETT (for Network Tikhonov Regularization), which contains a trained neural network as regularizer in generalized Tikhonov regularization. The existing analysis of NETT considers fixed operator and fixed regularizer and analyzes the convergence as the noise level in the data approaches zero. In this paper, we extend the frameworks and analysis considerably to ref…
In this paper, we develop an asymptotic expansion-regularization (AER) method for inverse source problems in two-dimensional nonlinear and nonstationary singularly perturbed partial differential equations (PDEs). The key idea of this approach is the use of the asymptotic-expansion theory, which allows us to determine the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a given PDE with a sharp transition layer. As a by-product, we derive a simpler link equation between the source function and first-order asymptotic approximation of the measurable quantities, and based on that equat…
We introduce Stochastic Asymptotical Regularization (SAR) methods for the uncertainty quantification of the stable approximate solution of ill-posed linear-operator equations, which are deterministic models for numerous inverse problems in science and engineering. We prove the regularizing properties of SAR with regard to mean-square convergence. We also show that SAR is an optimal-order regularization method for linear ill-posed problems provided that the terminating time of SAR is chosen according to the smoothness of the solution. This result is proven for both a priori and a posteriori sto…
A generalized matrix Krylov subspace method for TV regularization
Faculté des Sciences et Techniques-Gueliz, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées et Informatique（盖利兹科学技术学院，应用数学与计算机实验室）；Université de Lille Nord de France, L.M.P.A, ULCO（法国北部里尔大学，L.M.P.A，ULCO）
University of Innsbruck（因斯布鲁克大学）；University of Idaho（爱达荷大学）
Inverse problems arise in a variety of imaging applications including computed tomography, non-destructive testing, and remote sensing. The characteristic features of inverse problems are the non-uniqueness and instability of their solutions. Therefore, any reasonable solution method requires the use of regularization tools that select specific solutions and at the same time stabilize the inversion process. Recently, data-driven methods using deep learning techniques and neural networks demonstrated to significantly outperform classical solution methods for inverse problems. In this chapter, w…
We consider optimal design of PDE-based Bayesian linear inverse problems with infinite-dimensional parameters. We focus on the A-optimal design criterion, defined as the average posterior variance and quantified by the trace of the posterior covariance operator. We propose using structure exploiting randomized methods to compute the A-optimal objective function and its gradient, and provide a detailed analysis of the error for the proposed estimators. To ensure sparse and binary design vectors, we develop a novel reweighted $\ell_1$-minimization algorithm. We also introduce a modified A-optima…
Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg（埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学）
This paper discusses basic results and recent developments on variational regularization methods, as developed for inverse problems. In a typical setup we review basic properties needed to obtain a convergent regularization scheme and further discuss the derivation of quantitative estimates respectively needed ingredients such as Bregman distances for convex functionals. In addition to the approach developed for inverse problems we will also discuss variational regularization in machine learning and work out some connections to the classical regularization theory. In particular we will discuss…
In this paper we investigate the problem of recovering the source term in an elliptic system from a measurement of the state on a part of the boundary. For the particular interest in reconstructing probably discontinuous sources, we use the standard least squares method with the total variation regularization. The finite element method is then applied to discretize the minimization problem, we show the stability and the convergence of this technique. Furthermore, we have proposed an algorithm to stably solve the minimization problem. We prove the iterate sequence generated by the derived algor…
Fast Linearized Alternating Direction Minimization Algorithm with Adaptive Parameter Selection for Multiplicative Noise Removal
Department of Mathematics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China（数学系，第三军医大学）；Department of Mathematics and System, School of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, People's Republic of China（数学与系统系，国防科技大学）
Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）；Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工大学）
In this work, we describe a new approach that uses deep neural networks (DNN) to obtain regularization parameters for solving inverse problems. We consider a supervised learning approach, where a network is trained to approximate the mapping from observation data to regularization parameters. Once the network is trained, regularization parameters for newly obtained data can be computed by efficient forward propagation of the DNN. We show that a wide variety of regularization functionals, forward models, and noise models may be considered. The network-obtained regularization parameters can be c…
Recently, a large number of efficient deep learning methods for solving inverse problems have been developed and show outstanding numerical performance. For these deep learning methods, however, a solid theoretical foundation in the form of reconstruction guarantees is missing. In contrast, for classical reconstruction methods, such as convex variational and frame-based regularization, theoretical convergence and convergence rate results are well established. In this paper, we introduce deep synthesis regularization (DESYRE) using neural networks as nonlinear synthesis operator bridging the ga…
We consider a family of variational regularization functionals for a generic inverse problem, where the data fidelity and regularization term are given by powers of a Hilbert norm and an absolutely one-homogeneous functional, respectively, and the regularization parameter is interpreted as artificial time. We investigate the small and large time behavior of the associated solution paths and, in particular, prove finite extinction time for a large class of functionals. Depending on the powers, we also show that the solution paths are of bounded variation or even Lipschitz continuous. In additio…
