arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.12726cs.CLcs.LG
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BLEU Neighbors:一种无参考的自动评估方法

BLEU Neighbors: A Reference-less Approach to Automatic Evaluation

Stanford University(斯坦福大学);ILIAD Lab, Stanford University(斯坦福大学ILIAD实验室)

Kawin Ethayarajh, Dorsa Sadigh

摘要:

评价是自然语言生成模型发展的瓶颈。BLEU等自动化指标依赖于引用,但对于开放式生成等任务,则没有可供借鉴的引用。虽然语言多样性可以通过诸如困惑度之类的统计方法来估计,但衡量语言质量需要人工评估。然而,由于大规模的人工评估缓慢而昂贵,因此很少使用;它不能用于快速翻译NLG模型,就像BLEU用于机器翻译一样。为此,我们提出了BLEU邻居,一个最近的邻居模型,用于估计语言质量,通过使用BLEU分数作为核函数。在现有的聊天对话和开放式句子生成数据集上,我们发现,平均而言,BLEU Neighbors模型的质量估计比单个人类注释者具有更低的均方误差和更高的斯皮尔曼相关性。尽管它很简单,但BLEU Neighbors在自动评分论文方面甚至优于最先进的模型,包括可以访问黄金标准参考论文的模型。

英文摘要:

Evaluation is a bottleneck in the development of natural language generation (NLG) models. Automatic metrics such as BLEU rely on references, but for tasks such as open-ended generation, there are no references to draw upon. Although language diversity can be estimated using statistical measures such as perplexity, measuring language quality requires human evaluation. However, because human evaluation at scale is slow and expensive, it is used sparingly; it cannot be used to rapidly iterate on NLG models, in the way BLEU is used for machine translation. To this end, we propose BLEU Neighbors, a nearest neighbors model for estimating language quality by using the BLEU score as a kernel function. On existing datasets for chitchat dialogue and open-ended sentence generation, we find that -- on average -- the quality estimation from a BLEU Neighbors model has a lower mean squared error and higher Spearman correlation with the ground truth than individual human annotators. Despite its simplicity, BLEU Neighbors even outperforms state-of-the-art models on automatically grading essays, including models that have access to a gold-standard reference essay.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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