arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.12299cs.CLcs.LG
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半监督自然语言理解的对偶学习

Dual Learning for Semi-Supervised Natural Language Understanding

Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学)

Su Zhu, Ruisheng Cao, Kai Yu

摘要:

自然语言理解(NLU)将句子转换为结构化的语义形式。带注释的训练样本的缺乏仍然是NLU的一个基本挑战。为了解决这个数据稀疏问题,以前的工作基于半监督学习主要集中在利用未标记的句子。在这项工作中,我们介绍了自然语言理解的双重任务,语义到句子生成(SSG),并提出了一个新的框架,半监督自然语言理解与相应的双重模型。该框架由对偶伪标记和对偶学习方法组成,通过原始任务和对偶任务的闭环,使NLU模型能够充分利用数据(标记和未标记)。通过结合双重任务,该框架可以利用纯语义形式以及未标记的句子,并在闭环中迭代地进一步改进NLU和SSG模型。在两个公共数据集(ATIS和SNIPS)上对所提出的方法进行了评估。在半监督环境下的实验表明,我们的方法可以明显优于各种基线,并进行了广泛的消融研究,以验证我们的框架的有效性。最后,我们的方法也可以在监督设置中的两个数据集上实现最先进的性能。我们的代码可在\url{https://github.com/rhythmcao/slu-dual-learning.git}上获得。

英文摘要:

Natural language understanding (NLU) converts sentences into structured semantic forms. The paucity of annotated training samples is still a fundamental challenge of NLU. To solve this data sparsity problem, previous work based on semi-supervised learning mainly focuses on exploiting unlabeled sentences. In this work, we introduce a dual task of NLU, semantic-to-sentence generation (SSG), and propose a new framework for semi-supervised NLU with the corresponding dual model. The framework is composed of dual pseudo-labeling and dual learning method, which enables an NLU model to make full use of data (labeled and unlabeled) through a closed-loop of the primal and dual tasks. By incorporating the dual task, the framework can exploit pure semantic forms as well as unlabeled sentences, and further improve the NLU and SSG models iteratively in the closed-loop. The proposed approaches are evaluated on two public datasets (ATIS and SNIPS). Experiments in the semi-supervised setting show that our methods can outperform various baselines significantly, and extensive ablation studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our framework. Finally, our method can also achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the two datasets in the supervised setting. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/rhythmcao/slu-dual-learning.git}.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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