引文级联与主题相关性的演变
Citation Cascade and the Evolution of Topic Relevance
摘要：
引文分析作为科学定量研究的工具，长期以来一直强调直接引文关系，而忽视间接引文或高阶引文。然而，一系列早期和最近的研究表明，存在跨代的间接和持续的引文影响。在对高次引文文献研究的基础上，引入了引文级联的概念：由某一出版物引发的一系列后续引用事件的构成。我们通过分析超过450，000篇文章和超过600万个引用关系来调查这种引用结构。我们发现，引用的影响不仅存在于以前的研究中记录的三代，而且在更远的几代。尽管如此，我们的实验结果表明，两到四代人通常足以追踪一项工作的科学影响。我们还探讨了具体的结构属性，如深度，宽度，结构病毒性和大小，这说明了个体引用级联之间的差异。最后，我们发现的证据表明，这是更重要的科学工作，以激发跨域（或间接相关域）的作品，而不是只接受域内识别，以实现高的影响。我们的方法和发现可以作为科学评价和科学史建模的新工具。
英文摘要：
Citation analysis, as a tool for quantitative studies of science, has long emphasized direct citation relations, leaving indirect or high order citations overlooked. However, a series of early and recent studies demonstrate the existence of indirect and continuous citation impact across generations. Adding to the literature on high order citations, we introduce the concept of a citation cascade: the constitution of a series of subsequent citing events initiated by a certain publication. We investigate this citation structure by analyzing more than 450,000 articles and over 6 million citation relations. We show that citation impact exists not only within the three generations documented in prior research, but also in much further generations. Still, our experimental results indicate that two to four generations are generally adequate to trace a work's scientific impact. We also explore specific structural properties such as depth, width, structural virality, and size, which account for differences among individual citation cascades. Finally, we find evidence that it is more important for a scientific work to inspire trans domain (or indirectly related domain) works than to receive only intra domain recognition in order to achieve high impact. Our methods and findings can serve as a new tool for scientific evaluation and the modeling of scientific history.
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