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arXiv 2004.12258cs.DS
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如何隐藏一个小团体?

How to hide a clique?

Uriel Feige, Vadim Grinberg

摘要:

在众所周知的种植集团问题中,大小为$k$的集团(或者可选地,独立集)被随机种植在Erdos-Renyi随机$G(n, p)$图中,并且目标是设计在所得图中找到最大集团(或独立集)的算法。我们介绍了这个问题的一个变化,而不是随机种植集团,集团是由对手谁试图使其难以找到最大的集团在所得的图种植。我们表明,对于标准设置的参数的问题,即,一个集团的大小$k = \sqrt{n}$种植在一个随机的$G(n, \frac{1}{2})$图,已知的多项式时间算法可以扩展(在一个非平凡的方式),也在对抗设置工作。相比之下,我们表明,对于其他自然设置的参数,如种植一个独立集大小$k=\frac{n}{2}$的$G(n, p)$图与$p = n^{-\frac{1}{2}}$,有没有多项式时间算法,找到一个独立集大小$k$,除非NP随机多项式时间算法。

英文摘要:

In the well known planted clique problem, a clique (or alternatively, an independent set) of size $k$ is planted at random in an Erdos-Renyi random $G(n, p)$ graph, and the goal is to design an algorithm that finds the maximum clique (or independent set) in the resulting graph. We introduce a variation on this problem, where instead of planting the clique at random, the clique is planted by an adversary who attempts to make it difficult to find the maximum clique in the resulting graph. We show that for the standard setting of the parameters of the problem, namely, a clique of size $k = \sqrt{n}$ planted in a random $G(n, \frac{1}{2})$ graph, the known polynomial time algorithms can be extended (in a non-trivial way) to work also in the adversarial setting. In contrast, we show that for other natural settings of the parameters, such as planting an independent set of size $k=\frac{n}{2}$ in a $G(n, p)$ graph with $p = n^{-\frac{1}{2}}$, there is no polynomial time algorithm that finds an independent set of size $k$, unless NP has randomized polynomial time algorithms.

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