洛克哈特的转折：对纤维素微纤维沉积和重新取向进行建模揭示了扭曲的植物细胞生长机制
Lockhart with a twist: modelling cellulose microfibril deposition and reorientation reveals twisting plant cell growth mechanisms
摘要：
植物形态学是从细胞的生长和结构中产生的。细胞的turgor-driven扩散生长可以是高度各向异性的：纵向显著，径向可忽略不计。这种各向异性通过纤维素微纤丝（CMF）在环向方向上增强细胞壁来确保。为了在生长过程中保持细胞的完整性，必须不断沉积包括CMF在内的新的壁材料。我们开发了一个数学模型，将细胞表示为圆柱形压力容器，将细胞壁表示为纤维增强粘性片材，明确地包括CMF沉积的机械敏感角。该模型结合了膨压，外力，CMF在壁延伸过程中的重新取向，和基质硬化之间的相互作用。使用该模型，我们重新解释了最近的一些实验结果，并重新检查流行的假设CMF/微管对齐。我们探讨如何扭转细胞生长的手取决于外部扭矩和内在的墙壁属性，并发现细胞扭曲左手'默认'在一些合适的意义上。总的来说，这项研究提供了一个统一的机械框架，了解左手和右手扭曲生长，在许多植物中看到的。
英文摘要：
Plant morphology emerges from cellular growth and structure. The turgor-driven diffuse growth of a cell can be highly anisotropic: significant longitudinally and negligible radially. Such anisotropy is ensured by cellulose microfibrils (CMF) reinforcing the cell wall in the hoop direction. To maintain the cell's integrity during growth, new wall material including CMF must be continually deposited. We develop a mathematical model representing the cell as a cylindrical pressure vessel and the cell wall as a fibre-reinforced viscous sheet, explicitly including the mechano-sensitive angle of CMF deposition. The model incorporates interactions between turgor, external forces, CMF reorientation during wall extension, and matrix stiffening. Using the model, we reinterpret some recent experimental findings, and reexamine the popular hypothesis of CMF/microtubule alignment. We explore how the handedness of twisting cell growth depends on external torque and intrinsic wall properties, and find that cells twist left-handedly `by default' in some suitable sense. Overall, this study provides a unified mechanical framework for understanding left- and right-handed twist-growth as seen in many plants.
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