In this paper (part 1), we describe a derivative-free trust-region method for solving unconstrained optimization problems. We will discuss a method when we relax the model order assumption and use artificial neural network techniques to build a computationally relatively inexpensive model. We directly find an estimate of the objective function minimizer without explicitly constructing a model function. Therefore, we need to have the neural-network model derivatives, which can be obtained simply through a back-propagation process.
This paper addresses some trust-region methods equipped with nonmonotone strategies for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. More specifically, the importance of using nonmonotone techniques in nonlinear optimization is motivated, then two new nonmonotone terms are proposed, and their combinations into the traditional trust-region framework are studied. The global convergence to first- and second-order stationary points and local superlinear and quadratic convergence rates for both algorithms are established. Numerical experiments on the \textsf{CUTEst} test collection of unc…
In this paper, a new alternating direction trust region method based on conic model is used to solve unconstrained optimization problems. By use of the alternating direction method, the new conic model trust region subproblem is solved by two steps in two orthogonal directions. This new idea overcomes the shortcomings of conic model subproblem which is difficult to solve. Then the global convergence of the method under some reasonable conditions is established. Numerical experiment shows that this method may be better than the dogleg method to solve the subproblem, especially for large-scale p…
A trust-region algorithm using inexact function and derivatives values is introduced for solving unconstrained smooth optimization problems. This algorithm uses high-order Taylor models and allows the search of strong approximate minimizers of arbitrary order. The evaluation complexity of finding a $q$-th approximate minimizer using this algorithm is then shown, under standard conditions, to be $\mathcal{O}\big(\min_{j\in\{1,\ldots,q\}}ε_j^{-(q+1)}\big)$ where the $ε_j$ are the order-dependent requested accuracy thresholds. Remarkably, this order is identical to that of classical trust-region …
In this paper, we propose a new and efficient nonmonotone adaptive trust region algorithm to solve unconstrained optimization problems. This algorithm incorporates two novelties: it benefits from a radius dependent shrinkage parameter for adjusting the trust region radius that avoids undesirable directions and it exploits a new strategy to prevent sudden increments of objective function values in nonmonotone trust region techniques. Global convergence of this algorithm is investigated under some mild conditions. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed al…
In this paper, we modify the adaptive cubic regularization method for large-scale unconstrained optimization problem by using a real positive definite scalar matrix to approximate the exact Hessian. Combining with the nonmonotone technique, we also give a variant of the modified algorithm. Under some reasonable conditions, we analyze the global convergence of the proposed methods. Numerical experiments are performed and the obtained results show satisfactory performance when compared to the standard trust region method, adaptive regularization algorithm with cubics and the simple model trust-r…
This paper considers an explicit continuation method and the trust-region updating strategy for the unconstrained optimization problem. Moreover, in order to improve its computational efficiency and robustness, the new method uses the switching preconditioning technique. In the well-conditioned phase, the new method uses the L-BFGS method as the preconditioning technique in order to improve its computational efficiency. Otherwise, the new method uses the inverse of the Hessian matrix as the pre-conditioner in order to improve its robustness. Numerical results aslo show that the new method is m…
Concise complexity analyses are presented for simple trust region algorithms for solving unconstrained optimization problems. In contrast to a traditional trust region algorithm, the algorithms considered in this paper require certain control over the choice of trust region radius after any successful iteration. The analyses highlight the essential algorithm components required to obtain certain complexity bounds. In addition, a new update strategy for the trust region radius is proposed that offers a second-order complexity bound.
In this short note, the recently popular modifier-adaptation framework for real-time optimization is discussed in tandem with the well-developed trust-region framework of numerical optimization, and it is shown that the basic version of the former is a simplification of the latter when the problem is unconstrained. This relation is then exploited to propose a globally convergent modifier-adaptation algorithm using already developed trust-region theory. Cases when the two may not be equivalent and extensions to constrained problems are also discussed.
In this work, we consider methods for large-scale and nonconvex unconstrained optimization. We propose a new trust-region method whose subproblem is defined using a so-called "shape-changing" norm together with densely-initialized multipoint symmetric secant (MSS) matrices to approximate the Hessian. Shape-changing norms and dense initializations have been successfully used in the context of traditional quasi-Newton methods, but have yet to be explored in the case of MSS methods. Numerical results suggest that trust-region methods that use densely-initialized MSS matrices together with shape-c…
Quasi-Newton and Krylov Methods for the Solution of Nonconvex Trust-Region Subproblems
National Institute of Applied Sciences of Rennes（法国国立应用科学学院）；GERAD and Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering, École Polytechnique（GERAD与蒙特利尔高等商学院数学与工业工程系）；Department of Mathematics, Université de Sherbrooke（舍布鲁克大学数学系）
We present an algorithm to perform trust-region-based optimization for nonlinear unconstrained problems. The method selectively uses function and gradient evaluations at different floating-point precisions to reduce the overall energy consumption, storage, and communication costs; these capabilities are increasingly important in the era of exascale computing. In particular, we are motivated by a desire to improve computational efficiency for massive climate models. We employ our method on two examples: the CUTEst test set and a large-scale data assimilation problem to recover wind fields from …
ProxSTORM -- A Stochastic Trust-Region Algorithm for Nonsmooth Optimization
Sandia National Laboratories（桑迪亚国家实验室）；H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology（乔治亚理工学院 H. 米尔顿·斯图尔特工业与系统工程学院）
A trust-region algorithm is presented for finding approximate minimizers of smooth unconstrained functions whose values and derivatives are subject to random noise. It is shown that, under suitable probabilistic assumptions, the new method finds (in expectation) an $ε$-approximate minimizer of arbitrary order $ q \geq 1$ in at most $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-(q+1)})$ inexact evaluations of the function and its derivatives, providing the first such result for general optimality orders. The impact of intrinsic noise limiting the validity of the assumptions is also discussed and it is shown that difficulti…
We describe trlib, a library that implements a variant of Gould's Generalized Lanczos method (Gould et al. in SIAM J. Opt. 9(2), 504-525, 1999) for solving the trust region problem. Our implementation has several distinct features that set it apart from preexisting ones. We implement both conjugate gradient (CG) and Lanczos iterations for assembly of Krylov subspaces. A vector- and matrix-free reverse communication interface allows the use of most general data structures, such as those arising after discretization of function space problems. The hard case of the trust region problem frequently…
In this paper, we propose and analyze a trust-region model-based algorithm for solving unconstrained stochastic optimization problems. Our framework utilizes random models of an objective function $f(x)$, obtained from stochastic observations of the function or its gradient. Our method also utilizes estimates of function values to gauge progress that is being made. The convergence analysis relies on requirements that these models and these estimates are sufficiently accurate with sufficiently high, but fixed, probability. Beyond these conditions, no assumptions are made on how these models and…
The $p$-regularized subproblem (p-RS) is a regularisation technique in computing a Newton-like step for unconstrained optimization, which globally minimizes a local quadratic approximation of the objective function while incorporating with a weighted regularisation term $\fracσ{p} \|x\|^p$. The global solution of the $p$-regularized subproblem for $p=3$, also known as the cubic regularization, has been characterized in literature. In this paper, we resolve both the global and the local non-global minimizers of (p-RS) for $p>2$ with necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. Moreover, we p…
A primal-dual interior point trust region method for second-order stationary points of Riemannian inequality-constrained optimization problems
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo（东京大学大学院信息理工学系研究科）；Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN（理化学研究所先进智能项目中心）；Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University（立教大学理学部）
We consider a family of dense initializations for limited-memory quasi-Newton methods. The proposed initialization exploits an eigendecomposition-based separation of the full space into two complementary subspaces, assigning a different initialization parameter to each subspace. This family of dense initializations is proposed in the context of a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) trust-region method that makes use of a shape-changing norm to define each subproblem. As with L-BFGS methods that traditionally use diagonal initialization, the dense initialization and the seq…
Gradient-based methods have been highly successful for solving a variety of both unconstrained and constrained nonlinear optimization problems. In real-world applications, such as optimal control or machine learning, the necessary function and derivative information may be corrupted by noise, however. Sun and Nocedal have recently proposed a remedy for smooth unconstrained problems by means of a stabilization of the acceptance criterion for computed iterates, which leads to convergence of the iterates of a trust-region method to a region of criticality, Sun and Nocedal (2022). We extend their …
A novel derivative-free algorithm, optimization by moving ridge functions (OMoRF), for unconstrained and bound-constrained optimization is presented. This algorithm couples trust region methodologies with output-based dimension reduction to accelerate convergence of model-based optimization strategies. The dimension-reducing subspace is updated as the trust region moves through the function domain, allowing OMoRF to be applied to functions with no known global low-dimensional structure. Furthermore, its low computational requirement allows it to make rapid progress when optimizing high-dimensi…
We present a flexible trust region descend algorithm for unconstrained and convexly constrained multiobjective optimization problems. It is targeted at heterogeneous and expensive problems, i.e., problems that have at least one objective function that is computationally expensive. The method is derivative-free in the sense that neither need derivative information be available for the expensive objectives nor are gradients approximated using repeated function evaluations as is the case in finite-difference methods. Instead, a multiobjective trust region approach is used that works similarly to …
This article explores how to effectively incorporate curvature information generated using SIMD-parallel forward-mode Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) into unconstrained Quasi-Newton (QN) minimization of a smooth objective function, $f$. Specifically, forward-mode AD can be used to generate block Hessian samples $Y=\nabla^2 f(x)\,S$ whenever the gradient is evaluated. Block QN algorithms then update approximate inverse Hessians, $H_k \approx \nabla^2 f(x_k)$, with these Hessian samples. Whereas standard line-search based BFGS algorithms carefully filter and correct secant-based approximate cur…
TRSVR: An Adaptive Stochastic Trust-Region Method with Variance Reduction
Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA（加州大学伯克利分校数学系）；Boston University, MA, USA（波士顿大学）；Department of IEOR, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA（加州大学伯克利分校工业工程与运筹学系）
Trust-region (TR) type method, based on a quadratic model such as the trust-region subproblem (TRS) and $ p $-regularization subproblem ($p$RS), is arguably one of the most successful methods for unconstrained minimization. In this paper, we study a general regularized subproblem (named $ ρ$RS), which covers TRS and $p$RS as special cases. We derive a strong duality theorem for $ ρ$RS, and also its necessary and sufficient optimality condition under general assumptions on the regularization term. We then define the Rendl-Wolkowicz (RW) dual problem of $ ρ$RS, which is a maximization problem wh…
An Adagrad-inspired class of algorithms for smooth unconstrained optimization is presented in which the objective function is never evaluated and yet the gradient norms decrease at least as fast as $\calO(1/\sqrt{k+1})$ while second-order optimality measures converge to zero at least as fast as $\calO(1/(k+1)^{1/3})$. This latter rate of convergence is shown to be essentially sharp and is identical to that known for more standard algorithms (like trust-region or adaptive-regularization methods) using both function and derivatives' evaluations. A related "divergent stepsize" method is also desc…
The optimization problems with simple bounds are an important class of problems. To facilitate the computation of such problems, an unconstrained-like dynamic method, motivated by the Lyapunov control principle, is proposed. This method employs the anti-windup limited integrator to address the bounds of parameters upon the dynamics for unconstrained problem, and then solves the transformed Initial-value Problems (IVPs) with mature Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) integration methods. It is proved that when the gain matrix is diagonal, the result is equivalent to that of the general dynamic…
Adaptive cubic regularization (ARC) methods for unconstrained optimization compute steps from linear systems involving a shifted Hessian in the spirit of the Levenberg-Marquardt and trust-region methods. The standard approach consists in performing an iterative search for the shift akin to solving the secular equation in trust-region methods. Such search requires computing the Cholesky factorization of a tentative shifted Hessian at each iteration, which limits the size of problems that can be reasonably considered. We propose a scalable implementation of ARC named ARCqK in which we solve a se…
It is widely accepted that the stepsize is of great significance to gradient method. Two efficient gradient methods with approximately optimal stepsizes mainly based on regularization models are proposed for unconstrained optimization. More exactly, if the objective function is not close to a quadratic function on the line segment between the current and latest iterates, regularization models are exploited carefully to generate approximately optimal stepsizes. Otherwise, quadratic approximation models are used. In particular, when the curvature is non-positive, special regularization models ar…
We consider the problem of minimizing a polynomial function over the integer lattice. Though impossible in general, we use a known sufficient condition for the existence of continuous minimizers to guarantee the existence of integer minimizers as well. In case this condition holds, we use sos programming to compute the radius of a p-norm ball which contains all integer minimizers. We prove that this radius is smaller than the radius known from the literature. Furthermore, we derive a new class of underestimators of the polynomial function. Using a Stellensatz from real algebraic geometry and a…
We present global convergence rates for a line-search method which is based on random first-order models and directions whose quality is ensured only with certain probability. We show that in terms of the order of the accuracy, the evaluation complexity of such a method is the same as its counterparts that use deterministic accurate models; the use of probabilistic models only increases the complexity by a constant, which depends on the probability of the models being good. We particularize and improve these results in the convex and strongly convex case. We also analyze a probabilistic cubic …
A quadratic binary unconstrained optimization model, hereafter QUBO, by definition is unconstrained. This, however, is not ideal if one needs to select a model containing only a fixed size binary vector. In this work we show how to add a constraint to a QUBO to force a particular size solution.
