测量千兆年时间尺度上大气中微子率的变化
Measuring Changes in the Atmospheric Neutrino Rate Over Gigayear Timescales
摘要：
在与太阳系年龄相当的时间尺度上测量宇宙射线通量，$\sim 4.5\,$ Gyr，可以为地球，太阳系甚至我们的银河系的历史提供一个新的窗口。我们提出了一种技术，间接测量宇宙射线的速度作为时间的函数使用的痕迹，大气中微子的古探测器，天然矿物记录的损害轨迹从核反冲。地球上常见的矿物年龄为$\lesssim 1\,$ Gyr，这使得我们能够在与太阳系年龄相同的时间尺度上回顾宇宙射线的历史。由于收集了不同年代的样品，并具有合理的准确性，这种技术特别适合于测量地球上宇宙射线通量的历史变化，并广泛适用于天体物理学和天体物理学。
英文摘要：
Measuring the cosmic ray flux over timescales comparable to the age of the solar system, $\sim 4.5\,$Gyr, could provide a new window on the history of the Earth, the solar system, and even our galaxy. We present a technique to indirectly measure the rate of cosmic rays as a function of time using the imprints of atmospheric neutrinos in paleo-detectors, natural minerals which record damage tracks from nuclear recoils. Minerals commonly found on Earth are $\lesssim 1\,$Gyr old, providing the ability to look back across cosmic ray history on timescales of the same order as the age of the solar system. Given a collection of differently aged samples dated with reasonable accuracy, this technique is particularly well-suited to measuring historical changes in the cosmic ray flux at Earth and is broadly applicable in astrophysics and geophysics.
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