arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.08318econ.EMstat.MEstat.ML
收藏

基于结果抽样与单调性假设的因果推断

Causal Inference under Outcome-Based Sampling with Monotonicity Assumptions

Sung Jae Jun, Sokbae Lee

AI总结:

本文研究了在病例-对照与病例-总体抽样下二元处理与结果的因果推断,证明在单调性假设下比值比可作为因果相对风险的尖锐识别上界,并提供推断算法及三个实证例子验证其有效性。

摘要:

我们研究在病例-对照与病例-总体抽样下的因果推断。具体而言,我们聚焦于二元结果与二元处理的情况,其中感兴趣的参数是通过潜在结果框架定义的因果相对风险与归因风险。结果表明,强可忽略性并不总是像在随机抽样下那样强大,并且某些单调性假设在尖锐识别区间方面产生了可比的结果。具体而言,在单调处理响应与单调处理选择假设下,通常的比值比被证明是因果相对风险的尖锐识别上界。我们提供了针对因果参数进行推断的算法,这些参数在协变量的真实总体分布上进行聚合。我们通过研究三个实证例子展示了我们方法的有用性:在巴基斯坦就读私立学校对进入名牌大学的益处;在巴西留在学校与卷入贩毒团伙之间的关系;以及在美国医生工作时长与团队诊所规模之间的联系。

英文摘要:

We study causal inference under case-control and case-population sampling. Specifically, we focus on the binary-outcome and binary-treatment case, where the parameters of interest are causal relative and attributable risks defined via the potential outcome framework. It is shown that strong ignorability is not always as powerful as it is under random sampling and that certain monotonicity assumptions yield comparable results in terms of sharp identified intervals. Specifically, the usual odds ratio is shown to be a sharp identified upper bound on causal relative risk under the monotone treatment response and monotone treatment selection assumptions. We offer algorithms for inference on the causal parameters that are aggregated over the true population distribution of the covariates. We show the usefulness of our approach by studying three empirical examples: the benefit of attending private school for entering a prestigious university in Pakistan; the relationship between staying in school and getting involved with drug-trafficking gangs in Brazil; and the link between physicians' hours and size of the group practice in the United States.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑