Very recently, Barman et al. proposed a multi-server authentication protocol using fuzzy commitment. The authors claimed that their protocol provides anonymity while resisting all known attacks. In this paper, we analyze that Barman et al.'s protocol is still vulnerable to anonymity violation attack and impersonation based on the stolen smart attack; moreover, it has scalability issues. We then propose an improved and enhanced protocol to overcome the security weaknesses of Barman et al.'s scheme. The security of the proposed protocol is verified using BAN logic and widely accepted automated AVISPA tool. The BAN logic and automated AVISPA along with the informal analysis ensures the robustness of the scheme against all known attacks
The conventional commitment scheme requires both commitment string and a valid key for the sender to verify his commitment. Differ from the conventional commitment scheme; fuzzy commitment scheme accepts the key that is similar to the original key. The new opening key, not identical to the original key, differs from the initial key in some suitable metrics. The fuzziness in the fuzzy commitment scheme tolerate small amount of corruptions. The fuzzy commitment scheme based on the cryptographic hash functions suffers security imperfections. Thus, this paper combines the fuzzy commitment scheme w…
This paper attempt has been made to explain a fuzzy commitment scheme. In the conventional Commitment schemes, both committed string m and valid opening key are required to enable the sender to prove the commitment. However there could be many instances where the transmission involves noise or minor errors arising purely because of the factors over which neither the sender nor the receiver have any control. The fuzzy commitment scheme presented in this paper is to accept the opening key that is close to the original one in suitable distance metric, but not necessarily identical. The concept it…
Internet of Vehicles(IoV) is increasingly used as a medium to propagate critical information via establishing connections between entities such as vehicles and infrastructures. During message transmission, privacy-preserving authentication is considered as the first line of defence against attackers and malicious information. To achieve a more secure and stable communication environment, ever-increasing numbers of blockchain-based authentication schemes are proposed. At first glance, existing approaches provide robust architectures and achieve transparent authentication. However, in these sche…
In this paper, we have proposed a multi factor biometric-based remote authentication protocol. Our proposal overcomes the vulnerabilities of some previous works. At the same time, the protocol also obtains a low false accept rate (FAR) and false reject rate (FRR).
In order to address the increasing compromise of user privacy on mobile devices, a Fuzzy Logic based implicit authentication scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme computes an aggregate score based on selected features and a threshold in real-time based on current and historic data depicting user routine. The tuned fuzzy system is then applied to the aggregated score and the threshold to determine the trust level of the current user. The proposed fuzzy-integrated implicit authentication scheme is designed to: operate adaptively and completely in the background, require minimal t…
Biometric authentication is one of the promising alternatives to standard password-based authentication offering better usability and security. In this work, we revisit the biometric authentication based on "fuzzy signatures" introduced by Takahashi et al. (ACNS'15, IJIS'19). These are special types of digital signatures where the secret signing key can be a "fuzzy" data such as user's biometrics. Compared to other cryptographically secure biometric authentications as those relying on fuzzy extractors, the fuzzy signature-based scheme provides a more attractive security guarantee. However, des…
The fuzzy commitment scheme is a cryptographic primitive that can be used to store biometric templates being encoded as fixed-length feature vectors protected. If multiple related records generated from the same biometric instance can be intercepted, their correspondence can be determined using the decodability attack. In 2011, Kelkboom et al. proposed to pass the feature vectors through a record-specific but public permutation process in order to prevent this attack. In this paper, it is shown that this countermeasure enables another attack also analyzed by Simoens et al. in 2009 which can ev…
Biometric template protection is one of most essential parts in putting a biometric-based authentication system into practice. There have been many researches proposing different solutions to secure biometric templates of users. They can be categorized into two approaches: feature transformation and biometric cryptosystem. However, no one single template protection approach can satisfy all the requirements of a secure biometric-based authentication system. In this work, we will propose a novel hybrid biometric template protection which takes benefits of both approaches while preventing their l…
Peripheral authentication is an important aspect in the vehicle networks to provide services to only authenticated peripherals and a security to internal vehicle modules such as anti-lock braking system, power-train control module, engine control unit, transmission control unit, and tire pressure monitoring. In this paper a three-way handshake scheme is proposed for a vehicle to a keyfob authentication. A keyfob is a key with a secure hardware that communicates and authenticates the vehicle over the wireless channel. Conventionally, a vehicle to keyfob authentication is realized through a chal…
In this work, we study the protection that fuzzy commitments offer when they are applied to facial images, processed by the state of the art deep learning facial recognition systems. We show that while these systems are capable of producing great accuracy, they produce templates of too little entropy. As a result, we present a reconstruction attack that takes a protected template, and reconstructs a facial image. The reconstructed facial images greatly resemble the original ones. In the simplest attack scenario, more than 78% of these reconstructed templates succeed in unlocking an account (wh…
Queen's University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）；Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT)（安全信息技术中心（CSIT））
As mobile devices have become indispensable in modern life, mobile security is becoming much more important. Traditional password or PIN-like point-of-entry security measures score low on usability and are vulnerable to brute force and other types of attacks. In order to improve mobile security, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)-based implicit authentication system is proposed in this paper to provide authentication in a continuous and transparent manner.To illustrate the applicability and capability of ANFIS in our implicit authentication system, experiments were conducted on be…
Personal identification and authentication is very crucial in the current scenario. Biometrics plays an important role in this area. Biometric based authentication has proved superior compared to traditional password based authentication. Anyhow biometrics is permanent feature of a person and cannot be reissued when compromised as passwords. To over come this problem, instead of storing the original biometric templates transformed templates can be stored. Whenever the transformation function is changed new revocable/cancelable templates are generated. Soft biometrics is ancillary information t…
-Wireless body area network(WBAN) has shown great potential in improving healthcare quality not only for patients but also for medical staff. However, security and privacy are still an important issue in WBANs especially in multi-hop architectures. In this paper, we propose and present the design and the evaluation of a secure lightweight and energy efficient authentication scheme BANZKP based on an efficient cryptographic protocol, Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP) and a commitment scheme. ZKP is used to confirm the identify of the sensor nodes, with small computational requirement, which is favorab…
The fuzzy vault is an error tolerant authentication method that ensures the privacy of the stored reference data. Several publications have proposed the application of the fuzzy vault to fingerprints, but the results of subsequent analyses indicate that a single finger does not contain sufficient information for a secure implementation. In this contribution, we present an implementation of a fuzzy vault based on minutiae information in several fingerprints aiming at a security level comparable to current cryptographic applications. We analyze and empirically evaluate the security, efficiency, …
The last decades have seen a growing interest in hash functions that allow some sort of tolerance, e.g. for the purpose of biometric authentication. Among these, the syndrome fuzzy hashing construction allows to securely store biometric data and to perform user authentication without the need of sharing any secret key. This paper analyzes this model, showing that it offers a suitable protection against information leakage and several advantages with respect to similar solutions, such as the fuzzy commitment scheme. Furthermore, the design and characterization of LDPC codes to be used for this …
The amount of information generated grows as more and more sensor and IoT devices are deployed in smart cities. It is of utmost importance for us to consider the privacy data leakage and compromised identity from both outside adversaries and inside abuse of data access privilege. The security assumption of the system should not solely rely on the fact that permission and access control were being implemented correctly. Quite the contrary, a system can be designed in a way that user's identity data and usage traces are not leaked even if the system had been compromised. Based upon our previous …
Fuzzy vault is a scheme providing secure authentication based on fuzzy matching of sets. A major application is the use of biometric features for authentication, whereby unencrypted storage of these features is not an option because of security concerns. While there is still ongoing research around the practical implementation of such schemes, we propose and analyze here an alternative construction based on subspace codes. This offers some advantages in terms of security, as an eventual discovery of the key does not provide an obvious access to the features. Crucial for an efficient implementa…
We consider the problem of building robust fuzzy extractors, which allow two parties holding similar random variables W, W' to agree on a secret key R in the presence of an active adversary. Robust fuzzy extractors were defined by Dodis et al. in Crypto 2006 to be noninteractive, i.e., only one message P, which can be modified by an unbounded adversary, can pass from one party to the other. This allows them to be used by a single party at different points in time (e.g., for key recovery or biometric authentication), but also presents an additional challenge: what if R is used, and thus possibl…
Some of the main challenges towards utilizing conventional cryptographic techniques in Internet of Things (IoT) include the need for generating secret keys for such a large-scale network, distributing the generated keys to all the devices, key storage as well as the vulnerability to security attacks when an adversary gets physical access to the devices. In this paper, a novel secret key generation method is proposed for IoTs that utilize the intrinsic randomness embedded in the devices' memories introduced in the manufacturing process. A fuzzy extractor structure using serially concatenated BC…
The \textit{fuzzy vault} approach is one of the best studied and well accepted ideas for binding cryptographic security into biometric authentication. The vault has been implemented in connection with fingerprint data by Uludag and Jain. We show that this instance of the vault is vulnerable to brute force attack. An interceptor of the vault data can recover both secret and template data using only generally affordable computational resources. Some possible alternatives are then discussed and it is suggested that cryptographic security may be preferable to the one - way function approach to bio…
We present a theoretical framework for the analysis of privacy and security tradeoffs in secure biometric authentication systems. We use this framework to conduct a comparative information-theoretic analysis of two biometric systems that are based on linear error correction codes, namely fuzzy commitment and secure sketches. We derive upper bounds for the probability of false rejection ($P_{FR}$) and false acceptance ($P_{FA}$) for these systems. We use mutual information to quantify the information leaked about a user's biometric identity, in the scenario where one or multiple biometric enrol…
secunet Security Networks AG（赛库耐特安全网络股份公司）；Federal Office for Information Security（联邦信息安全办公室）
The fuzzy vault scheme has been established as cryptographic primitive suitable for privacy-preserving biometric authentication. To improve accuracy and privacy protection, biometric information of multiple characteristics can be fused at feature level prior to locking it in a fuzzy vault. We construct a multi-biometric fuzzy vault based on face and multiple fingerprints. On a multi-biometric database constructed from the FRGCv2 face and the MCYT-100 fingerprint databases, a perfect recognition accuracy is achieved at a false accept security above 30 bits. Further, we provide a formalisation o…
Selected procedures in [1] and additional simulation results are presented in detail in this report. We first present the IoT device registration in Section I, and we provide the details of fuzzy-based trust computation in Section II. In the end, we show some additional simulation results for formal validation of the Light-Edge under On-the-Fly Model Checker (OFMC) and Constraint-Logic-based ATtack SEarcher (CLAtse) tools in Section III. See the original paper [1] for more detail.
University of Haifa（海法大学）；University of Kent（肯特大学）
One of the main challenges faced by Biometric-based authentication systems is the need to offer secure authentication while maintaining the privacy of the biometric data. Previous solutions, such as Secure Sketch and Fuzzy Extractors, rely on assumptions that cannot be guaranteed in practice, and often affect the authentication accuracy. In this paper, we introduce HoneyFaces: the concept of adding a large set of synthetic faces (indistinguishable from real) into the biometric "password file". This password inflation protects the privacy of users and increases the security of the system withou…
École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec（魁北克大学高等技术学院）
An offline signature-based fuzzy vault (OSFV) is a bio-cryptographic implementation that uses handwritten signature images as biometrics instead of traditional passwords to secure private cryptographic keys. Having a reliable OSFV implementation is the first step towards automating financial and legal authentication processes, as it provides greater security of confidential documents by means of the embedded handwritten signatures. The authors have recently proposed the first OSFV implementation which is reviewed in this paper. In this system, a machine learning approach based on the dissimila…
For data privacy, system reliability, and security, Blockchain technologies have become more popular in recent years. Despite its usefulness, the blockchain is vulnerable to cyber assaults; for example, in January 2019 a 51% attack on Ethereum Classic successfully exposed flaws in the platform's security. From a statistical point of view, attacks represent a highly unusual occurrence that deviates significantly from the norm. Blockchain attack detection may benefit from Deep Learning, a field of study whose aim is to discover insights, patterns, and anomalies within massive data repositories. …
Privacy is of the utmost importance in genomic matching. Therefore a number of privacy-preserving protocols have been presented using secure computation. Nevertheless, none of these protocols prevents inferences from the result. Goodrich has shown that this resulting information is sufficient for an effective attack on genome databases. In this paper we present an approach that can detect and mitigate such an attack on encrypted messages while still preserving the privacy of both parties. Note that randomization, e.g.~using differential privacy, will almost certainly destroy the utility of the…
Relay attacks pose an important threat in wireless ranging and authentication systems. Distance bounding protocols have been proposed as an effective countermeasure against these attacks and allow a verifier and a prover to establish an upper bound on the distance between them. However, secure distance bounding protocols are hard to realize in practice due to stringent implementation requirements. In this paper, we look into a yet unexplored research area and show how the security strength of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) distance bounding protocols can be significantly increased by imposing several a…
The paper studies the problem of securely storing biometric passwords, such as fingerprints and irises. With the help of coding theory Juels and Wattenberg derived in 1999 a scheme where similar input strings will be accepted as the same biometric. In the same time nothing could be learned from the stored data. They called their scheme a "fuzzy commitment scheme". In this paper we will revisit the solution of Juels and Wattenberg and we will provide answers to two important questions: What type of error-correcting codes should be used and what happens if biometric templates are not uniformly d…
In identity management system, frequently used biometric recognition system needs awareness towards issue of protecting biometric template as far as more reliable solution is apprehensive. In sight of this biometric template protection algorithm should gratify the basic requirements viz. security, discriminability and cancelability. As no single template protection method is capable of satisfying these requirements, a novel scheme for face template generation and protection is proposed. The novel scheme is proposed to provide security and accuracy in new user enrolment and authentication proce…
Design efficient lattice-based cryptosystem secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack (IND-CCA2) is a challenge problem. To the date, full CCA2-security of all proposed lattice-based PKE schemes achieved by using a generic transformations such as either strongly unforgeable one-time signature schemes (SU-OT-SS), or a message authentication code (MAC) and weak form of commitment. The drawback of these schemes is that encryption requires "separate encryption". Therefore, the resulting encryption scheme is not sufficiently efficient to be used in practice and it is inappropriate for many a…
