格点规范理论中的阶梯预热和约束动力学
Staircase Prethermalization and Constrained Dynamics in Lattice Gauge Theories
摘要：
格点规范理论的动力学特性是具有丰富的局域对称性约束。虽然破坏规范对称性的错误在NISQ时代的量子模拟器中自然出现，但它们对规范理论动力学的影响还没有得到充分的研究。正如我们所展示的，强度为$λ$的小规范破缺导致了长寿命的预热平台的阶梯。预热平台的数量随着物质场$L$的数量而增加，最后一个平台在时间尺度$λ^{-L/2}$达到，显示出伴随的动力学减慢与局部规范约束的数量的密切关系。我们的结果预示着NISQ量子器件，因为它们表明规范不变性破坏的扩散时标在系统尺寸上呈指数级延迟。
英文摘要：
The dynamics of lattice gauge theories is characterized by an abundance of local symmetry constraints. Although errors that break gauge symmetry appear naturally in NISQ-era quantum simulators, their influence on the gauge-theory dynamics is insufficiently investigated. As we show, a small gauge breaking of strength $λ$ induces a staircase of long-lived prethermal plateaus. The number of prethermal plateaus increases with the number of matter fields $L$, with the last plateau being reached at a timescale $λ^{-L/2}$, showing an intimate relation of the concomitant slowing down of dynamics with the number of local gauge constraints. Our results bode well for NISQ quantum devices, as they indicate that the proliferation timescale of gauge-invariance violation is counterintuitively delayed exponentially in system size.
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