用于低质量暗物质轴子探测的宽带电Action传感技术
Broadband Electrical Action Sensing Techniques with conducting wires for low-mass dark matter axion detection
摘要：
由于逆Primakoff效应，已经表明，当轴子与直流磁场B-场相互作用时，所产生的电作用将产生以轴子的康普顿频率振荡的AC电动势，并且可以被建模为振荡的有效外加磁流边界源。我们使用这个结果来计算新的实验的灵敏度低质量轴子使用准静态技术。首先，我们计算的电流在电偶极子天线（直导线）时，直流B-场是空间恒定的，并表明它具有正比于轴子质量的灵敏度。在此之后，我们通过利用空间变化的DC B场的全部范围来扩展拓扑。这种扩展是通过将一维导线转换为二维绕组来实现的，以完全链接有效磁流边界源，从而耦合到完整的轴子感应电作用。在这种情况下，导体变成线圈绕组，其中绕组两端的感应电压与绕组的数量成比例地增加。我们研究了两种不同的拓扑结构：第一种使用单个绕组，并耦合到绕组中产生的有效短路电流，该电流使用灵敏的低阻抗SQUID放大器读出：第二种使用多个绕组，每匝有效地增加与绕组数量成比例的电压输出。通过实现低温低噪声高输入阻抗电压放大器来优化这种配置的读出。最终结果是一种新的宽带电作用传感技术，其灵敏度提高了几个数量级，与轴子光子耦合成线性比例，并且能够检测QCD暗物质轴子。
英文摘要：
Due to the inverse Primakoff effect it has been shown that when axions interact with a DC magnetic B-field the resulting electrical action will produce an AC electromotive force which oscillates at the Compton frequency of the axion, and may be modeled as an oscillating effective impressed magnetic current boundary source. We use this result to calculate the sensitivity of new experiments to low-mass axions using the quasi-static technique. First, we calculate the current induced in an electric dipole antenna (straight conducting wire) when the DC B-field is spatially constant and show that it has a sensitivity proportional to the axion mass. Following this we extend the topology by making use of the full extent of the spatially varying DC B-field. This extension is achieved by transforming the 1D conducting wire to a 2D winding, to fully link the effective magnetic current boundary source and thus couple to the full axion induced electrical action. In this case the conductor becomes a coil winding where the voltage induced across the winding increases proportionally to the number of windings. We investigate two different topologies: The 1st uses a single winding, and couples to the effective short circuit current generated in the winding, which is read out using a sensitive low impedance SQUID amplifier: The 2nd uses multiple windings, with every turn effectively increasing the the voltage output proportional to the winding number. The read out of this configuration is optimised by implementing a cryogenic low-noise high input impedance voltage amplifier. The end result is a new Broadband Electrical Action Sensing Techniques with orders of magnitude improved sensitivity, which is linearly proportional to the axion photon coupling and capable of detecting QCD dark matter axions.
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